Comparative analysis of adaptive single-objective and multi-objective optimized solar façades for energy efficiency and visual comfort in semi-arid climates

Zibaraftar, Mohsen; Khalili, Ahmadreza; Attia, Shady

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2026.114761

Article (Scientific journals)

Comparative analysis of adaptive single-objective and multi-objective optimized solar façades for energy efficiency and visual comfort in semi-arid climates

Zibaraftar, Mohsen; Khalili, Ahmadreza; Attia, Shady

2026 • In Solar Energy, 315, p. 114761

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/345803

DOI
10.1016/j.solener.2026.114761

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Keywords :

Adaptive solar façade; Building integrated photovoltaic; Multi-objective optimization; Energy simulation; Sustainable architecture; Solar building envelope; visual comfort

Abstract :

[en] This article compares the performance of an adaptive single-objective façade system with that of a multi-objective optimized façade, focusing on energy generation and visual comfort in office buildings in semi-arid climates. A kinetic dual-axis PV module was combined with parametric modeling and environmental simulation tools (Rhino/Grasshopper, Honeybee, Radiance, Daysim). It was tested through multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm (Octopus). The system was applied to a south-facing office room in Tehran, Iran, and was analyzed during critical seasonal hours. The multi-objective optimized façade achieves Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) between 300 and 3000 lx in more than 75% of the task area during the selected occupied hours. It provides superior hUDI compared to the adaptive single-objective façade. The multi-objective optimized system maintained a Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) below 0.35 for all selected critical hours, ensuring visual comfort. Both adaptive single-objective and multi-objective façades demonstrated the potential to reduce energy use by 33.95% and 33.42%, respectively, when compared to an unshaded window, while also enhancing visual comfort. However, implementing an adaptive solar tracking system alone led to potential glare or underlit conditions at certain times, highlighting the trade-off between energy gain and visual comfort. The results of this study indicate that dynamic PV façades can simultaneously enhance energy performance and occupant comfort when optimized by multi-objective optimization frameworks. This research contributes to the development of responsive building envelopes suited for solar-intensive regions.

Disciplines :

Architecture

Author, co-author :

Zibaraftar, Mohsen

Khalili, Ahmadreza

Attia, Shady ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Techniques de construction des bâtiments

Language :

English

Title :

Comparative analysis of adaptive single-objective and multi-objective optimized solar façades for energy efficiency and visual comfort in semi-arid climates

Publication date :

01 September 2026

Journal title :

Solar Energy

ISSN :

0038-092X

eISSN :

1471-1257

Publisher :

Elsevier BV

Volume :

315

Pages :

114761

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Development Goals :

11. Sustainable cities and communities

Additional URL :

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0038092X26004494?httpAccept=text/xml

Available on ORBi :

since 06 June 2026

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