Phylogenetic biome conservatism underlies the evolution of forest palaeoendemic legume trees in tropical Africa.

[en] Biome conservatism is prevalent during the evolution of plant lineages. However, studies assessing biome lability, i.e. the capacity to shift biomes and its impact on tropical tree species diversification is currently limited. To address this, we analysed an endemic lineage of African tropical trees to investigate phylogenetic patterns of biome conservatism and lability and their impact on speciation and extinction rates. We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of the Berlinia clade (16 genera, 201 species) using 140 nuclear genes, 75% of its extant species and two fossil calibrations. We found the forest biome as the ancestral habitat and we inferred nine independent shifts from forest to savanna with no reversals. The forest biome is mostly conserved within the Berlinia clade, while the ability to shift to the savanna biome is randomly distributed across the group. We found five palaeoendemic genera that have persisted solely in the forest biome since the Oligocene. However, the ability to shift among biomes does not seem to influence speciation or extinction rates. Our results suggest that palaeoendemic and forest-restricted lineages are more susceptible to habitat alterations and climate change than lineages with biome lability, due perhaps to an innate limitation to adapt to new habitat types.

Disciplines :

Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)

Author, co-author :

Ojeda, Dario ; Botany and Mycology unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Cervantes, Sandra ; Botany and Mycology unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Gorel, Anaïs ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT ; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Dauby, Gilles ; AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD , Montpellier, France

Pan, Aaron D ; Museum at Texas Tech University, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, USA

Vanden Abeele, Samuel ; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ; Meise Botanic Garden , Meise, Belgium

Boom, Arthur F ; Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Flanders, Belgium

Forest, Félix ; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK

de la Estrella, Manuel ; Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain

Marcussen, Thomas; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Hardy, Olivier J ; Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium

Language :

English

Title :

Phylogenetic biome conservatism underlies the evolution of forest palaeoendemic legume trees in tropical Africa.

Publication date :

03 June 2026

Journal title :

Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences

ISSN :

1471-2954

eISSN :

1471-2954

Publisher :

The Royal Society, England

Volume :

293

Issue :

2072

Peer reviewed :

Peer reviewed

Tags :

ForestIsLife

Additional URL :

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rspb.2026.0983/6143690/rspb.2026.0983.pdf

Funders :

Wiener - Anspach Foundation
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
UGent - Ghent University
BELSPO - Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
BAEF - Belgian American Educational Foundation
EU - European Union

Available on ORBi :

since 03 June 2026

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