Characterization and multivariate typology of goat farming systems in Kabylia region in the North of Algeria

To better understand the dynamics of goat breeding systems, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 48 goat farmers
in different localities of Tizi-Ouzou province in the Kabylia region. The study aimed to characterize local production sys-
tems and assess how socioeconomic factors such as age, gender, education level, and breeding experience influence goat
rearing practices. Relationships between farmer characteristics and husbandry practices were examined using multivariate
analyses (multiple correspondence and cluster analysis) to identify farm features and classify them into farming typologies.
More than half of the farmers had a secondary school level, 27% had post-secondary education, and 6% were university
graduates, while only 10% were illiterate. Goat breeding was predominantly carried out by men (88%), and the average
farmer age was about 40 years. For nearly half of the respondents (49%), goat farming represented the primary source of
income, while also contributing to self-consumption and family celebrations. Mixed farming with goats and sheep was
common (51%), with some farmers also keeping cattle, poultry, horses, or donkeys. Herd sizes were generally small, with
71% owning fewer than 25 goats. Cluster analysis identified four farming typologies. Cluster 1 (11 farmers) represented
an extensive or pastoral system. Cluster 2 (14 farmers) reflected an improved traditional farming system. Cluster 3 (18
farmers) corresponded to an improved traditional livestock system. Cluster 4 (5 farmers) consisted of more intensive
systems with larger herds. Differences among clusters were mainly related to land use, facilities and equipment, grazing
practices, herd expansion and size, and preventive health programs. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into goat
rearing practices, contributing to a better understanding of local production systems in the mountainous region of Kabylia.