Astronomy and Astrophysics; Geology; Atmospheric Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] The Lunar-Earth Gravitational Assist (LEGA) of 19-20 August 2024 marked the first in-flight opportunity beyond functional checks to perform MAJIS (Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer) observations on-board the ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft. This unique double flyby involved sequential close approaches to the Moon and Earth, offering an unprecedented configuration to evaluate MAJIS under high radiance, rapidly changing geometric, and operationally constrained conditions. A total of 24 hyperspectral image cubes were acquired (5 targeting the Moon and 19 the Earth) providing a dataset of approximately 7.5 Gbit. This work presents the primary goal of this observation campaign, which was to verify key aspects of MAJIS performance, including radiometric and spectral calibration, straylight behavior, geometric alignment, the use of onboard browse products, and interference tests with other JUICE instruments. This event also enabled assessment of thermal behavior and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, and provided a first operational benchmark for MAJIS and a basis for refining future observation strategies and data analyses during JUICE’s cruise and science phases. In addition, despite limited spatial and temporal coverage of the observations, the analyses presented here and in a series of companion papers of the special issue “The first-ever lunar-Earth flyby: a unique test environment for JUICE” demonstrated the instrument’s ability to characterize mineralogical features on the Moon and atmospheric constituents on Earth. Observations include detection of mafic minerals (some associated to fresh excavated materials), thermal emission, and emissivity variations on the Moon at spatial scale of 100-200 m. Characterization of atmospheric absorption features, thermal brightness, icy cloud properties are captured for the Earth at km-scale and briefly discussed in the framework of the atmospheric biosignatures relevant to exoplanet habitability studies. Near-coincident acquisitions with other JUICE instruments and Earth-orbiting spectrometers provided valuable inter-calibration and cross-validation opportunities.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Poulet, François; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Piccioni, Giuseppe; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Langevin, Yves; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Dumesnil, Cydalise; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Carlier, Vincent; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ; LAB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Le Mouélic, Stéphane ; LPG, UMR-CNRS 6112, OSUNA, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
Migliorini, Alessandra ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Oliva, Fabrizio ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Royer, Clément; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Rodriguez, Sébastien ; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
Stephan, Katrin ; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Tosi, Federico ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Zambon, Francesca ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Adriani, Alberto ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Arnold, Gabriele; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
Bibring, Jean-Pierre; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Bockelée, Dominique; LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
Brunetto, Rosario ; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Capaccioni, Fabrizio ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Carli, Cristian ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Cavalié, Thibault ; LAB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
González, Miriam Cisneros ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
Ciarnello, Mauro ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
De Angelis, Simone ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Drossart, Pierre; IAP, Paris, France
Filacchione, Gianrico ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Fouchet, Thierry; LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
Gérard, Jean-Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Grodent, Denis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Irwin, Patrick; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Jacquinod, Sophie; LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
Karatekin, Ozgur ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
Lellouch, Emmanuel; LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
Ligier, Nicolas; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Mangold, Nicolas ; LPG, UMR-CNRS 6112, OSUNA, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
Mebsout, Magali; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Merlin, Frédéric; LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
Morbidelli, Alessandro; Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
Mura, Alessandro ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Nathues, Andreas; MPI for Solar System Research, Goettingen, Germany
Palumbo, Maria E.; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Pilorget, Cédric; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Poch, Olivier ; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Quirico, Eric; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Raponi, Andrea ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Robert, Séverine ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
Roussos, Elias ; MPI for Solar System Research, Goettingen, Germany
Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin ; Escuela Ingenieria de Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
Schmitt, Bernard ; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France
Sindoni, Giuseppe; ASI, Roma, Italy
Snels, Marcel ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Sordini, Roberto; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Stefani, Stefania; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Strazzulla, Giovanni; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
Trent, Tim ; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Tobie, Gabriel ; LPG, UMR-CNRS 6112, OSUNA, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
Turrini, Diego ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy
Vandaele, Ann-Carine ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
Vincendon, Mathieu; IAS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
Witasse, Olivier; ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Vallat, Claire ; ESA, ESOC, Madrid, Spain
Moraino, Alessandro ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), Roma, Italy ; LPAP, STAR Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
This work was supported by CNES, focused on MAJIS. This work has been developed under the ASI-INAF agreement no. 2023-6-HH.0. The authors also wish to thank ESA teams from SOC, MOC and ESTEC, as well as Airbus Defence and Space for their technical and operational support to the MAJIS project. JUICE is a mission under ESA leadership with contributions from its Member States, NASA, JAXA and the Israel Space Agency. It is the first Large-class mission in ESA\u2019s Cosmic Vision programme. Correction tools have been applied to the text to check the English wording. LF was supported by STFC Grant reference UKRI1205. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to the Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.This work was supported by CNES, focused on MAJIS. This work has been developed under the ASI-INAF agreement no. 2023-6-HH.0. The authors also wish to thank ESA teams from SOC, MOC and ESTEC, as well as Airbus Defence and Space for their technical and operational support to the MAJIS project. JUICE is a mission under ESA leadership with contributions from its Member States, NASA, JAXA and the Israel Space Agency. It is the first Large-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme. Correction tools have been applied to the text to check the English wording. LF was supported by STFC Grant reference UKRI1205. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to the Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
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