HD3191, the high-mass X-ray binary that wasn’t there

[en] The rapidly rotating B1 IV:nn star HD 3191 lies within the error box of a flaring Fermi gamma-ray source. Although the counterpart of the Fermi source is likely an active galaxy, HD 3191 has nevertheless been suggested to be a high-mass X-ray binary, possibly hosting a black hole companion. The star displays roughly sinusoidal photometric variations with amplitudes of ~12 mmag for two frequencies nu1 = 0.1235 d−1 and nu2 = 1.6038 d−1. Half of the former frequency (nu1/2) had previously been interpreted as the orbital frequency of a high-mass X-ray binary in which the B1 IV:nn primary undergoes ellipsoidal variations. We show that this scenario fails to account for the lack of significant radial velocity variations and for the overall properties of the star. Our spectroscopic observations instead unveil line profile variations, suggesting that the photometric and line profile variations arise from multi-mode pulsations rather than from orbital effects. Whilst we cannot rule out the possibility that HD 3191 could be a nascent binary, consisting of a B1 IV:nn with a low-mass pre-main sequence companion, the most likely scenario is a single star displaying non-radial pulsations. The fast stellar rotation would thus be intrinsic to the B1 IV:nn star rather than being the result of a spin-up during a past mass-transfer episode.

Research Center/Unit :

STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Rauw, Grégor ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)

Nazé, Yaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)

Kolaczek-Szymanski, Piotr ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; University of Warsaw > Astronomical Observatory ; UW - University of Wroclaw > Faculty of Physics and Astronomy

Language :

English

Title :

HD3191, the high-mass X-ray binary that wasn’t there

Publication date :

May 2026

Journal title :

New Astronomy

ISSN :

1384-1076

eISSN :

1384-1092

Publisher :

Elsevier BV

Pages :

102582

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1384107626000655?httpAccept=text/xml

Funders :

F.R.S.-FNRS - Fund for Scientific Research
CHU Liège - Central University Hospital of Liege

Funding number :

IPD-STEMA

Available on ORBi :

since 13 May 2026

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