[en] The brain's functional organization relies on neural, metabolic, and vascular interactions. Molecular neuroimaging offers powerful tools for assessing macroscale brain connectivity by capturing relationships between regional perfusion and glucose metabolism. This review summarizes molecular connectivity studies of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism, focusing on methodological approaches and key findings. A systematic search across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus identified studies employing radiotracers to examine brain perfusion or glucose metabolic connectivity. Data extraction focused on tracer type, connectivity methodology, population, and clinical relevance. Overall, 384 studies were included, covering healthy condition, dementia, movement disorders, psychiatric diseases, epilepsy, and disorders of consciousness. Both resting-state and task-based paradigms were identified, with perfusion studies being popular for detecting fast task-induced molecular connectivity changes. Metabolic connectivity, assessed via [18F]FDG-PET at rest, emerged as robust marker of functional integrity and disease progression, especially in neurodegenerative conditions. Multimodal PET/MRI studies revealed partial overlap between metabolic and hemodynamic connectivity. Noteworthy findings include the identification of default mode network through the study of CBF and disease-related covariance patterns in neurodegenerative disorders through the study of glucose metabolism. Integrating macroscale molecular brain organization studies with neurophysiological techniques will deepen the understanding of brain connectivity in health and disease. Additionally, total-body PET/MRI data may in the future elucidate brain-body interactions fostering a more comprehensive connectome framework.
Disciplines :
Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging
Author, co-author :
Cavaliere, Carlo ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA ; IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Naples, Italy
Galli, Alice; Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Meneghini, Chiara; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Severino, Mario; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Peretti, Débora Elisa; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Nørgaard, Martin; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Tang, Chunmeng; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Martini, Anna Lisa; Nuclear Medicine Unit, Nuovo Ospedale di Prato - Santo Stefano, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
Bardiau, Marjorie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > CARE "ULiège Library" > ULiège Library : Santé
Doyen, Matthieu; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Imagerie Adaptative Diagnostique et Interventionnelle (IADI), INSERM U1254, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
Gonzalez-Escamilla, Gabriel; Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
Horwitz, Tatiana; Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Nuclear Medicine Department, Hôpital de La Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
Perovnik, Matej; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Rullmann, Michael; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
Talmasov, Daniel; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Volpi, Tommaso; PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Xu, Zhilei; Neuro Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Calhoun, Vince; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Di, Xin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
Eickhoff, Simon B; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Habeck, Christian; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Jamadar, Sharna; School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Perani, Daniela; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
Sossi, Vesna; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Yakushev, Igor; Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
Sala, Arianna ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques
Pereira, Joana B; Neuro Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Veronese, Mattia; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Caminiti, Silvia Paola ; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: silviapaola.caminiti@unipv.it
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