Adsorption; Bentonite; Olive oil discharges; Pollutants; Carbonate content; Mechanical; North Africa; Oil discharges; Olive oil discharge; Olive-oil productions; Organic matter content; Physico-chemicals; Pollutant; Valorisation; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Condensed Matter Physics; Nuclear and High Energy Physics; Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract :
[en] This study investigates the characterization and valorization of bentonites from North Africa, with a particular focus on samples from the Rif region of Morocco. The analyzed bentonite samples comprise 21.9% clay, 35.3% silt, and 42.8% sand. Key physicochemical proprieties, such as low organic matter and carbonate content, suggest strong mechanical stability and resistance to water. The high alkalinity observed in the samples is attributed to the presence of soluble salts, including alkali carbonates and bicarbonates. X-ray diffraction analysis identified montmorillonite, anorthite, hematite, and quartz as principal minerals, with minor quantities (< 5%) of illite, calcite, xenotime, anatase, and gypsum. FTIR spectra reveal structural heterogeneity with the bentonite, and SEM analysis confirms a dual porosity, which is particularly advantageous for adsorption applications. The treatment of olive oil discharges using Moroccan raw bentonite yielded promising results, successfully removing nearly all micropollutants and neutralizing the solution’s acidity, as the pH increased from 4.03 to 8.04. Additionally, there was a marked reduction in electrical conductivity, dropping significantly from 16.93 µS/cm to 0.12 µS/cm. The bentonite also demonstrated impressive removal efficiency for phenolic compounds, with concentrations decreasing from 9.17 g/L to 3.83 g/L. Furthermore, the material exhibited strong adsorption of heavy metals, particularly iron, and demonstrated exceptional efficacy in removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions. These properties highlight its potential as an effective adsorbent for mitigating pollution in wetland areas. These findings underscore the potential of Moroccan bentonite as a valuable natural resource for environmental protection, particularly in pollution attenuation and water treatment applications.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Ait Hmeid, H. ; Observation Laboratory of the Marchica Lagoon of Nador and Limiting Regions (OLMAN- RL), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Akodad, M.; Observation Laboratory of the Marchica Lagoon of Nador and Limiting Regions (OLMAN- RL), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Omdi, F.E.; Laboratory L3G, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
Baghour, M.; Observation Laboratory of the Marchica Lagoon of Nador and Limiting Regions (OLMAN- RL), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Skalli, A.; Observation Laboratory of the Marchica Lagoon of Nador and Limiting Regions (OLMAN- RL), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Sadik, C.; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (LCPMC), Geomaterials and Materials for Energy Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
Aalaoul, M.; Observation Laboratory of the Marchica Lagoon of Nador and Limiting Regions (OLMAN- RL), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Ikirri, M.; Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
Abioui, M. ; Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco ; MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre - Sedimentary Geology Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Maach, M.; Institute of Research in Horticulture and Seeds (IRHS), University of Angers, Angers, France
Chahban, M.; Observation Laboratory of the Marchica Lagoon of Nador and Limiting Regions (OLMAN- RL), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Daoudi, L.; Laboratory L3G, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
We appreciate the valuable comments and suggestions from Dr. B. Lamouri, an anonymous reviewer and the journal editor. Prof. M. Abioui also gratefully acknowledges the support of national funds through Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia, I. P (FCT), under the projects UIDB/04292/2020, UIDP/04292/2020, granted to MARE, and LA/P/0069/2020, granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET.
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