Animal model; Cancer; DNA; Leukemia; Magnetic fields; Neoplasm; Animals; Humans; Rats; DNA Damage; Magnetic Fields/adverse effects; Neoplasms/etiology; Neoplasms/genetics; Mice; Neoplasms; Biophysics; Molecular Biology
Abstract :
[en] The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the carcinogenic effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) by analyzing animal and comet assay studies. We have performed a global meta-analysis on all the animal studies on the relation between ELF-MF and cancer incidence and separate meta-analyses on the incidence of cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, brain cancer and DNA damage assessed with the comet assay. Of the 5145 references identified, 71 studies have been included in our systematic review and 22 studies in our meta-analyses. Our global meta-analysis indicated that ELF-MF exposure had no significant impact on the incidence of cancers in rodents (19 studies, OR = 1.10; 95% CI 0.91-1.32). However, our separate meta-analyses showed that ELF-MF increased the odds of developing leukemia in mice (4 studies, OR = 4.45; 95% CI 1.90-10.38) but not in rats. Our systematic review also suggests that ELF-MF can damage DNA in certain cell types like brain cells. Nevertheless, a meta-analysis on three comet assay studies indicated that ELF-MF did not increase DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells (SMD = -0.08; 95% CI -0.18-0.01). Overall, our results suggest that exposure to ELF-MF does not represent a major hazard for mammals and the carcinogenic effects of these magnetic fields could be limited to leukemia.
Disciplines :
Public health, health care sciences & services
Author, co-author :
Brabant, Christian ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Méta-recherche et éthique de la méthodologie quantitative
Honvo, Germain ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé
Demonceau, Céline ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unité de recherche Santé publique, épidémiologie et économie de la santé (URSAPES)
Tirelli, Ezio ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie
Léonard, François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des Sciences de l'éducation > Psychométrie et édumétrie
Bruyère, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique, Epidémiologie et Economie de la santé
Language :
English
Title :
Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on animal cancer and DNA damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mixed results have been found in other cells after exposure to ELF-MF. Most studies indicate that exposure to ELF-MF does not affect DNA in peripheral leukocytes or lymphocytes from human or rat origin (Table 6). The study by Bagheri Hosseinabadi et al. (2019) showed that long-term occupational exposure to ELF-MF increased DNA damage in power plant workers but it was an observational cross-sectional study. Some studies found that exposure to ELF-MF damages DNA in human fibroblasts (Ivancsits et al., 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2005) but other studies do not support these findings (Scarfi et al., 2005; Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2009). DNA damage after ELF-MF exposure has mostly been found in cancer cell lines such as HeLa cells (Kim et al., 2012), G401 cells, A549 cells (Yuan et al., 2020) and AT478 cells (Buldak et al., 2012). Nevertheless, exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100\u20131000 \u03BCT for 1\u201324 h did not increase DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells (Luukkonen et al., 2011, 2017; Mustafa et al., 2022; Villarini et al., 2017). Mihai and colleagues (2014) have found that exposure to 100 Hz magnetic fields increased DNA damage in Vero cells. DNA damage has also been shown in GC-2 cells exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields for 24 h (Duan et al., 2015).The present work was supported by a grant obtained by the University of Li\u00E8ge from the Belgian BioElectroMagnetics Group (BBEMG). The funding organization played no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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