angiospermas; angiosperms; conservation prioritization; conservation translocations; distinción evolutiva; evolutionary distinctiveness; priorización de la conservación; riesgo de extinción de especie; species extinction risk; traslocaciones para la conservación; Europe; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods; Magnoliopsida/classification; Magnoliopsida/physiology; Phylogeny; Biodiversity; Conservation of Natural Resources; Magnoliopsida; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Ecology; Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract :
[en] Conservation translocations are a well-known conservation tool used to reverse the effects of local population extinctions and restore ecosystems. Compared with mammals and birds, plants are underrepresented in translocation programs, and little is known about the potential taxonomic and phylogenetic biases of plant translocation efforts. We aimed to assess how translocated plant species may contribute to the conservation of phylogenetic diversity (PD) among European countries. Focusing on angiosperms across 4 European countries with well-documented flora and comprehensive sampling of translocated plant species, we determined whether species translocations were related to species conservation status with binomial generalized linear mixed models with threat status as a binary response variable. Then, we evaluated the taxonomic and phylogenetic biases of translocated plant species relative to national floras based on PD and evolutionary distinctiveness (ED). To evaluate PD and ED, we constructed null models to assess the deviation of observed values from those expected under a scenario in which translocated species were randomly sampled from the species pool of national floras in each country. Although most species lacked conservation status assessment, plant translocations mainly targeted species with high extinction risk at national, European, and global scales. Although plant orders with a higher representativeness of translocated species also tended to have a higher representativeness of native species, the probability of species being translocated varied significantly across plant order, suggesting a significant taxonomic bias. Based on null models and considering all countries, PD and mean ED of translocated plants were higher than expected by chance in most countries. These results suggest that although translocation programs were implemented independently across countries, the diversity of translocated plant species is relevant to conserving PD from national to continental scales and restoring evolutionarily distinct species when these species succeed. We argue that PD indicators should be incorporated into translocation planning to restore target species' evolutionary trajectories and to contribute to conservation of PD. [es] Sesgo taxonómico y filogenético en especies de plantas angiospermas traslocadas en países europeos Resumen Las traslocaciones para la conservación son una herramienta de conservación popular que se utiliza para revertir los efectos de la extinción de poblaciones locales y restaurar ecosistemas. En comparación con los mamíferos y las aves, las plantas están infrarrepresentadas en los programas de translocación y se sabe poco sobre los posibles sesgos taxonómicos y filogenéticos de los esfuerzos de translocación de plantas. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar cómo pueden contribuir las especies vegetales traslocadas a la conservación de la diversidad filogenética entre los países europeos. Nos centramos en las angiospermas de cuatro países europeos con una flora bien documentada y un muestreo exhaustivo de las especies de plantas traslocadas y determinamos si las traslocaciones de especies estaban relacionadas con el estado de conservación de las especies mediante modelos lineales mixtos generalizados binomiales con el estado de amenaza como variable de respuesta binaria. A continuación, evaluamos los sesgos taxonómicos y filogenéticos de las especies vegetales traslocadas en relación con las floras nacionales con base en la diversidad filogenética (DF) y la distinción evolutiva (DE). Para evaluar la DF y la DE, construimos modelos nulos para evaluar la desviación de los valores observados respecto a los esperados en un escenario en el que las especies translocadas se muestrearan aleatoriamente a partir del conjunto de especies de las floras nacionales de cada país. Aunque la mayoría de las especies carecían de evaluación del estado de conservación, las translocaciones de plantas se dirigieron principalmente a especies con alto riesgo de extinción a escala nacional, europea y mundial. Aunque los órdenes de plantas con una mayor representatividad de especies translocadas también tendían a tener una mayor representatividad de especies autóctonas, la probabilidad de que las especies fueran translocadas variaba significativamente según el orden de plantas, lo que sugiere un sesgo taxonómico significativo. Según los modelos nulos y considerando todos los países, la DF y la DE media de las plantas translocadas fueron superiores a las esperadas por azar en la mayoría de los países. Estos resultados sugieren que, aunque los programas de translocación se aplicaron de forma independiente en los distintos países, la diversidad de las especies vegetales translocadas es relevante para conservar la DF desde escalas nacionales a continentales y restaurar especies evolutivamente distintas cuando estas especies tienen éxito. Sostenemos que los indicadores de DF deberían incorporarse a la planificación de las translocaciones para restaurar las trayectorias evolutivas de las especies objetivo y contribuir a la conservación de la DF.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Soares, Filipa Coutinho ; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Mouchet, Maud; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Monnet, Anne-Christine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité, Ecosystème et Paysage (BEP)
Kjelsberg, Nadline; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Fernández, Alfredo García; Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Jan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Robert, Alexandre ; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Colas, Bruno; CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Sarrazin, François; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Language :
English
Title :
Taxonomic and phylogenetic biases in translocated angiosperm plant species across European countries.
This research was part of the Transloc program, which involves partners and colleagues from different European research units, including our affiliations, as well as Bases de donn\u00E9es Biodiversit\u00E9, \u00C9cologie, Environnement et Soci\u00E9t\u00E9s (BBEES, UAR 3468 CNRS-MNHN), the Botanical Garden of the University of Bern, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Area of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, and a private company Biotope. Moreover, we thank T. Genissel for his insightful contributions. We thank people from CIEF-GVA for their data on Spanish translocations.\u00A0Finally, we thank the Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 for hosting the Transloc database and all the contributors who have enriched the database over the years.
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