Executive Functions in Birds

birds; executive control; executive functions; flexibility; inhibition; shifting; working memory; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Animal Science and Zoology

Abstract :

[en] Executive functions comprise of top-down cognitive processes that exert control over information processing, from acquiring information to issuing a behavioral response. These cognitive processes of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility underpin complex cognitive skills, such as episodic memory and planning, which have been repeatedly investigated in several bird species in recent decades. Until recently, avian executive functions were studied in relatively few bird species but have gained traction in comparative cognitive research following MacLean and colleagues’ large-scale study from 2014. Therefore, in this review paper, the relevant previous findings are collected and organized to facilitate further investigations of these core cognitive processes in birds. This review can assist in integrating findings from avian and mammalian cognitive research and further the current understanding of executive functions’ significance and evolution.

Disciplines :

Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology

Author, co-author :

Bobrowicz, Katarzyna ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Mémoire et langage ; Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg ; Department of Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Greiff, Samuel ; Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Language :

English

Title :

Executive Functions in Birds

Publication date :

June 2022

Journal title :

Birds

eISSN :

2673-6004

Publisher :

MDPI

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

184 - 220

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/3/2/13/pdf

Funding text :

We thank Lund University (Katarzyna Bobrowicz) and the University of Luxembourg (Katarzyna Bobrowicz and Samuel Greiff) for financial support during this work. Furthermore, we thank Irene Pepperberg and an anonymous Reviewer for drawing our attention to gaps in the manuscript’s bibliography, and all anonymous Reviewers for extremely helpful feedback on manuscript’s content and structure.

Available on ORBi :

since 03 February 2026

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