Álvaro, J.J., Bauluz, B., Subías, I., Pierre, C. & Vizcaíno, D. 2008: Carbon chemostratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician transition in a midlatitude mixed platform, Montagne Noire, France. Geological Society of America Bulletin 120, 962–975.
Anderson, R.P., Tosca, N.J., Saupe, E.E., Wade, J. & Briggs, D.E. 2021: Early formation and taphonomic significance of kaolinite associated with Burgess Shale fossils. Geology 49, 355-359.
Barling, N., Saleh, F. & Ma, X. 2023: A unique record of prokaryote cell pyritization. Geology 51, 1062-1066.
Baumgartner, R.J., Van Kranendonk, M.J., Caruso, S., Campbell, K.A., Dobson, M.J., Teece, B.L., Verrall, M., Homann, M., Lalonde, S. & Visscher, P.T. 2024: Pyritic stromatolites from the Paleoarchean Dresser Formation, Pilbara Craton: Resolving biogenicity and hydrothermally influenced ecosystem dynamics. Geobiology 22, e12610.
Berner, R.A. 2004: A model for calcium, magnesium and sulfate in seawater over Phanerozoic time. American Journal of Science 304, 438-453.
Briggs, D.E., Bottrell, S.H. & Raiswell, R. 1991: Pyritization of soft-bodied fossils: Beecher's trilobite bed, Upper Ordovician, New York State. Geology 19, 1221-1224.
Butterfield, N.J. 1990: Organic preservation of non-mineralizing organisms and the taphonomy of the Burgess Shale. Paleobiology 16, 272-286.
Butterfield, N.J. 1995: Secular distribution of Burgess-Shale-type preservation. Lethaia 28, 1-13.
Butterfield, N.J., Balthasar, U.W.E. & Wilson, L.A. 2007: Fossil diagenesis in the Burgess Shale. Palaeontology 50, 537-543.
Caillaud, V., Birolini, E., Manzano, E.G. Michel, S., Regnier, S., Vaucher, R., & Servais, T. 2026: Acritarchs (organic-walled microfossils) from the Floian (Early Ordovician) of the Montagne Noire, France: biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology. Lethaia, in press.
Corthésy, N., Saleh, F., Thomas, C., Antcliffe, J.B. & Daley, A.C. 2024: The effects of clays on bacterial community composition during arthropod decay. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 143, 26.
Corthésy, N., Antcliffe, J.B. & Saleh, F. 2025b: Taxon-specific redox conditions control fossilisation pathways. Nature Communications 16, 3993.
Daley, A.C., Gueriau, P., Lustri, L., Drage, H.B., Lynch, S., Monceret, E., & Monceret, S. 2026: Euarthropods from the Early Ordovician Cabrières Biota, including a new aglaspidid and freshly moulted trilobite material. Lethaia, in press.
Drage, H.B., Legg, D.A. & Daley, A.C. 2023: Novel marrellomorph moulting behaviour preserved in the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Shale, Morocco. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11, 1226924.
Dupichaud, C., Lefebvre, B., Milne, C.H., Mooi, R., Nohejlová, M., Roch, R., Saleh, F. & Zamora, S. 2023: Solutan echinoderms from the Fezouata Shale Lagerstätte (Lower Ordovician, Morocco): Diversity, exceptional preservation, and palaeoecological implications. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11, 1290063.
El Khoury, A., Somogyi, A., Chi Fru, E., Saleh, F., Chraiki, I., Fontaine, C., Aubineau, J., Rollion-Bard, C., Harzhauser, M. & El Albani, A. 2025a: A battle against arsenic toxicity by Earth's earliest complex life forms. Nature Communications 16, 1-14.
El Khoury, A., Saleh, F., El Albani, A., Fontaine, C., Rollion-Bard, C., Chraiki, I., Aubineau, J., Ngwafghoubou Ikouanga, J., Bhilsse, M., Zguaid, M. & Somogyi, A. 2025b: Pyrite morphology and sulfur isotopes refine taphonomic models for the 2.1 Ga Francevillian biota, Gabon. Scientific Reports 15, 1-11.
Farrell, U.C. 2014: Pyritization of soft tissues in the fossil record: an overview. The Paleontological Society Papers 20, 35-58.
Gabbott, S.E., Xian-Guang, H., Norry, M.J. & Siveter, D.J. 2004: Preservation of Early Cambrian animals of the Chengjiang biota. Geology 32, 901-904.
Gaines, R.R., Briggs, D.E. & Yuanlong, Z. 2008: Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits share a common mode of fossilization. Geology 36, 755-758
Gaines, R.R., Hammarlund, E.U., Hou, X., Qi, C., Gabbott, S.E., Zhao, Y., Peng, J. & Canfield, D.E. 2012: Mechanism for Burgess Shale-type preservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, 5180-5184.
George, H., Bazzi, M., El Hossny, T., Ashraf, N., Abi Saad, P. & Clements, T. 2024: The famous fish beds of Lebanon: the Upper Cretaceous Lagerstätten of Haqel, Hjoula, Nammoura and Sahel Aalma. Journal of the Geological Society 181, jgs2023-210.
Gougeon, R., Vaucher, R., Vidal, M., Monceret, E., Monceret, S., Birolini, E., Dupichaud, C., Lefebvre, B., & Saleh, F. 2026: Ichnology of the Lower Ordovician Landeyran Formation in Montagne Noire, southern France, and criteria for distinguishing simple trace fossils from body fossils. Lethaia, in press.
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., García-Bellido, D.C., Rábano, I. & Sá, A.A. 2017: Digestive and appendicular soft-parts, with behavioural implications, in a large Ordovician trilobite from the Fezouata Lagerstätte, Morocco. Scientific Reports 7, 39728.
Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Maletz, J., Vizcaino, D., Lefebvre, B. & Saleh, F. 2026: Lower Ordovician graptolites from the Cabrières region, Montagne Noire, France. Lethaia, in press.
Hammarlund, E.U., Gaines, R.R., Prokopenko, M.G., Qi, C., Hou, X.G. & Canfield, D.E. 2017: Early Cambrian oxygen minimum zone-like conditions at Chengjiang. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 475, 160-168.
Hammarlund, E.U., Smith, M.P., Rasmussen, J.A., Nielsen, A.T., Canfield, D.E. & Harper, D.A. 2019: The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland—a geochemical window on early Cambrian low-oxygen environments and ecosystems. Geobiology 17, 12-26.
Harper, D.A., Hammarlund, E.U. & Rasmussen, C.M. 2014: End Ordovician extinctions: a coincidence of causes. Gondwana Research 25, 1294-1307.
Harper, D.A., Zhan, R.B. & Jin, J. 2015: The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: reviewing two decades of research on diversity's big bang illustrated by mainly brachiopod data. Palaeoworld 24, 75-85.
Harper, D.A.T., Candela, Y., Monceret, E., Monceret, F., Birolini, E. & Lefebvre, B. 2026: Brachiopods from the Cabrières biota (Early Ordovician, southern France): ecology and taphonomy. Lethaia, in press.
Jauvion, C., Bernard, S., Gueriau, P., Mocuta, C., Pont, S., Benzerara, K. & Charbonnier, S. 2020: Exceptional preservation requires fast biodegradation: thylacocephalan specimens from La Voulte-sur-Rhône (Callovian, Jurassic, France). Palaeontology 63, 395-413.
Kimmig, J. & Schiffbauer, J.D. 2024: A modern definition of Fossil-Lagerstätten. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 39, 621-624.
Laibl, L., Gueriau, P., Saleh, F., Pérez-Peris, F., Lustri, L., Drage, H.B., Bath Enright, O.G., Potin, G.J.M. & Daley, A.C. 2023a: Early developmental stages of a Lower Ordovician marrellid from Morocco suggest simple ontogenetic niche differentiation in early euarthropods. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11, 1232612.
Laibl, L., Drage, H.B., Pérez-Peris, F., Schöder, S., Saleh, F. & Daley, A.C. 2023b: Babies from the Fezouata Biota: early developmental trilobite stages and their adaptation to high latitudes. Geobios 81, 31-50.
Lefebvre, B., Guensburg, T.E., Martin, E.L., Mooi, R., Nardin, E., Nohejlova, M., Saleh, F., Kouraiss, K., El Hariri, K. & David, B. 2019: Exceptionally preserved soft parts in fossils from the Lower Ordovician of Morocco clarify stylophoran affinities within basal deuterostomes. Geobios 52, 27-36.
Lefebvre, B., Dupichaud, C., Vidal, M., Servais, T., Michel, S., Nardin, E., Birolini, E., Caillaud, V., De Oliveira Santos, V., Gougeon, R., Guenser, P., Moncerte, E., Monceret, S., Nohejlova, M., Vaucher, R., & Saleh, F. Faunal distribution and palaeoenvironmental trends in the Lower Ordovician of the Montagne Noire: Insights from the Cabrières Biota. Lethaia, in press.
Lei, X., Cong, P., Zhang, S., Wei, F. & Anderson, R.P. 2024: Unveiling an ignored taphonomic window in the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota. Geology 52, 753-758.
Li, L. & Reitner, J. 2026: Hexactinellid Sponges from the Early Ordovician Cabrières Biota, France: insights into Early Paleozoic Polar Ecosystems. Lethaia, in press.
Lustri, L., Gueriau, P. & Daley, A.C. 2024: Lower Ordovician synziphosurine reveals early euchelicerate diversity and evolution. Nature Communications 15, 3808.
Ma, X., Edgecombe, G.D., Hou, X., Goral, T. & Strausfeld, N.J. 2015: Preservational pathways of corresponding brains of a Cambrian euarthropod. Current Biology 25, 2969-2975.
Maliva, R.G. & Siever, R. 1988: Mechanism and controls of silicification of fossils in limestones. Journal of Geology 96, 387-398.
Marin-Carbonne, J., Decraene, M.N., Havas, R., Remusat, L., Pasquier, V., Alléon, J., Zeyen, N., Bouton, A., Bernard, S., Escrig, S. & Olivier, N. 2022: Early precipitated micropyrite in microbialites: a time capsule of microbial sulfur cycling. Geochemical Perspectives Letters 21, 7-12.
Martin, E.L., Pittet, B., Gutierrez-Marco, J.C., Vannier, J., El Hariri, K., Lerosey-Aubril, R., Masrour, M., Nowak, H., Servais, T., Vandenbroucke, T.R. & Van Roy, P. 2016: The lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte from Morocco: age, environment and evolutionary perspectives. Gondwana Research 34, 274-283.
McMahon, S., Anderson, R.P., Saupe, E.E. & Briggs, D.E. 2016: Experimental evidence that clay inhibits bacterial decomposers: Implications for preservation of organic fossils. Geology 44, 867-870.
Monceret, S., Monceret, E., Saleh, F. & Lefebvre, B. 2026: The Ordovician of the Cabrières area (Hérault, France): A brief overview of two centuries of palaeontological investigations. Lethaia, in press.
Moore, K.R., Pajusalu, M., Gong, J., Sojo, V., Matreux, T., Braun, D. & Bosak, T. 2020: Biologically mediated silicification of marine cyanobacteria and implications for the Proterozoic fossil record. Geology 48, 862-866.
Newman, S.A., Daye, M., Fakra, S.C., Marcus, M.A., Pajusalu, M., Pruss, S.B., Smith, E.F. & Bosak, T. 2019: Experimental preservation of muscle tissue in quartz sand and kaolinite. Palaios 34, 437-451.
Odin, G.P., Leloup, J., Tu, T.T.N., Charbonnier, S. & Derenne, S. 2024: Taphonomic experiments on caridean shrimp elucidate the timing and influence of organic matter on diagenetic pyritization and sulfurization. Chemical Geology 644, 121858.
Parry, L.A., Smithwick, F., Norden, K.K., Saitta, E.T., Lozano-Fernandez, J., Tanner, A.R., Caron, J.B., Edgecombe, G.D., Briggs, D.E. & Vinther, J. 2018: Soft-bodied fossils are not simply rotten carcasses-toward a holistic understanding of exceptional fossil preservation: exceptional fossil preservation is complex and involves the interplay of numerous biological and geological processes. BioEssays 40, 1700167.
Perez-Peris, F., Laibl, L., Vidal, M. & Daley, A. 2021: Systematics, morphology, and appendages of an Early Ordovician pilekiine trilobite Anacheirurus from Fezouata Shale and the early diversification of Cheiruridae. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66, 857-877.
Polechova, M. 2016: The bivalve fauna from the Fezouata Formation (Lower Ordovician) of Morocco and its significance for palaeobiogeography, palaeoecology and early diversification of bivalves. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 460, 155-169.
Polechova, M., Ebbestad, J.O.R. & Kroger, J. 2026: Molluscs of the Lower Ordovician Cabrières Lagerstätte, France - diversity and distribution. Lethaia, in press.
Potin, G.J.M., Gueriau, P. & Daley, A.C. 2023: Radiodont frontal appendages from the Fezouata Biota (Morocco) reveal high diversity and ecological adaptations to suspension-feeding during the Early Ordovician. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11, 1214109.
Purnell, M.A., Donoghue, P.J., Gabbott, S.E., McNamara, M.E., Murdock, D.J. & Sansom, R.S. 2018: Experimental analysis of soft-tissue fossilization: opening the black box. Palaeontology 61, 317-323.
Qi, C., Li, C., Gabbott, S.E., Ma, X., Xie, L., Deng, W., Jin, C. & Hou, X.G. 2018: Influence of redox conditions on animal distribution and soft-bodied fossil preservation of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Biota. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 507, 180-187.
Rasmussen, C.M., Kröger, B., Nielsen, M.L. & Colmenar, J. 2019: Cascading trend of Early Paleozoic marine radiations paused by Late Ordovician extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 7207-7213.
Roger, F., Teyssier, C., Whitney, D.L., Respaut, J.P., Paquette, J.L. & Rey, P.F. 2020: Age of metamorphism and deformation in the Montagne Noire dome (French Massif Central): Tapping into the memory of fine-grained gneisses using monazite U-Th-Pb geochronology. Tectonophysics 776, 228316.
Saleh, F., Candela, Y., Harper, D.A., Polechová, M., Lefebvre, B. & Pittet, B. 2018: Storm-induced community dynamics in the Fezouata Biota (Lower Ordovician, Morocco). Palaios 33, 535-541.
Saleh, F., Pittet, B., Perrillat, J.P. & Lefebvre, B. 2019: Orbital control on exceptional fossil preservation. Geology 47, 103-106.
Saleh, F., Lefebvre, B., Hunter, A.W. & Nohejlová, M. 2020a: Fossil weathering and preparation mimic soft tissues in eocrinoid and somasteroid echinoderms from the Lower Ordovician of Morocco. Microscopy Today 28, 24-28.
Saleh, F., Pittet, B., Sansjofre, P., Guériau, P., Lalonde, S., Perrillat, J.P., Vidal, M., Lucas, V., El Hariri, K., Kouraiss, K. & Lefebvre, B. 2020b: Taphonomic pathway of exceptionally preserved fossils in the Lower Ordovician of Morocco. Geobios 60, 99-115.
Saleh, F., Antcliffe, J.B., Lefebvre, B., Pittet, B., Laibl, L., Peris, F.P., Lustri, L., Gueriau, P. & Daley, A.C. 2020c: Taphonomic bias in exceptionally preserved biotas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 529, 115873.
Saleh, F., Daley, A.C., Lefebvre, B., Pittet, B. & Perrillat, J.P. 2020d: Biogenic iron preserves structures during fossilization: a hypothesis: iron from decaying tissues may stabilize their morphology in the fossil record. BioEssays 42, 1900243.
Saleh, F., Vaucher, R., Antcliffe, J.B., Daley, A.C., El Hariri, K., Kouraiss, K., Lefebvre, B., Martin, E.L., Perrillat, J.P., Sansjofre, P. & Vidal, M. 2021a: Insights into soft-part preservation from the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota. Earth-Science Reviews 213, 103464.
Saleh, F., Vidal, M., Laibl, L., Sansjofre, P., Gueriau, P., Pérez-Peris, F., Lustri, L., Lucas, V., Lefebvre, B., Pittet, B. & El Hariri, K. 2021b: Large trilobites in a stress-free Early Ordovician environment. Geological Magazine 158, 261-270.
Saleh, F., Bath-Enright, O.G., Daley, A.C., Lefebvre, B., Pittet, B., Vite, A., Ma, X., Mangan, M.G., Buatois, L.A. & Antcliffe, J.B. 2021c: A novel tool to untangle the ecology and fossil preservation knot in exceptionally preserved biotas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 569, 117061.
Saleh, F., Vaucher, R., Vidal, M., Hariri, K.E., Laibl, L., Daley, A.C., Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Candela, Y., Harper, D.A., Ortega-Hernández, J. & Ma, X. 2022a: New fossil assemblages from the Early Ordovician Fezouata biota. Scientific Reports 12, 20773.
Saleh, F., Lucas, V., Pittet, B., Lefebvre, B., Lalonde, S.V. & Sansjofre, P. 2022b: Iron from continental weathering dictated soft-part preservation during the Early Ordovician. Terra Nova 34, 163-168.
Saleh, F., Ma, X., Guenser, P., Mangan, M.G., Buatois, L.A. & Antcliffe, J.B. 2022c: Probability-based preservative variations within the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China). PeerJ 10, e13869.
Saleh, F., Antcliffe, J.B., Lustri, L., Daley, A.C. & Gibert, C. 2023a: Cambrian and Ordovician diversity fluctuations could be resolved through a single ecological hypothesis. Lethaia 56, 1-13.
Saleh, F., Lefebvre, B., Dupichaud, C., Martin, E.L., Nohejlová, M. & Spaccesi, L. 2023b: Skeletal elements controlled soft-tissue preservation in echinoderms from the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota. Geobios 81, 51-66.
Saleh, F., Clements, T., Perrier, V., Daley, A.C. & Antcliffe, J.B. 2023c: Variations in preservation of exceptional fossils within concretions. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 142, 20.
Saleh, F., Antcliffe, J.B., Birolini, E., Candela, Y., Corthésy, N., Daley, A.C., Dupichaud, C., Gibert, C., Guenser, P., Laibl, L. & Lefebvre, B. 2024a: Highly resolved taphonomic variations within the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota. Scientific Reports 14, 20807.
Saleh, F., Lustri, L., Gueriau, P., Potin, G.J.M., Pérez-Peris, F., Laibl, L., Jamart, V., Vite, A., Antcliffe, J.B., Daley, A.C. & Nohejlová, M., 2024b: The Cabrières Biota (France) provides insights into Ordovician polar ecosystems. Nature Ecology & Evolution 8, 651-662.
Saleh, F., Lustri, L., Gueriau, P., Potin, G.J.M., Pérez-Peris, F., Laibl, L., Jamart, V., Vite, A., Antcliffe, J.B., Daley, A.C. & Nohejlová, M. 2024c: Reply to: The Cabrières Biota is not a Konservat-Lagerstätte. Nature Ecology & Evolution 8, 2175-2178.
Schiffbauer, J.D., Xiao, S., Cai, Y., Wallace, A.F., Hua, H., Hunter, J., Xu, H., Peng, Y. & Kaufman, A.J. 2014: A unifying model for Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic exceptional fossil preservation through pyritization and carbonaceous compression. Nature Communications 5, 5754.
Seilacher, A., Reif, W.E. & Westphal, F. 1985: Sedimentological, ecological and temporal patterns of fossil Lagerstätten. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 311, 5-24.
Servais, T. & Harper, D.A. 2018: The great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE): definition, concept and duration. Lethaia 51, 151-164.
Servais, T., Cascales-Miñana, B. & Harper, D.A. 2021: The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) is not a single event. Paleontological Research 25, 315-328.
Stigall, A.L., Edwards, C.T., Freeman, R.L. & Rasmussen, C.M. 2019: Coordinated biotic and abiotic change during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: Darriwilian assembly of early Paleozoic building blocks. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 530, 249-270.
Stigall, A.L., Censullo, S.M., Hennessey, S.A., Bauer, J.E., Lam, A.R. & Wright, D.F. 2023: Diversification and speciation among Laurentian brachiopods during the GOBE: insights from basinal and regional analyses. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 72, 98-101.
Van Iten, H., Birolini, E., Dupichaud, C., & Lefebvre, B. 2026: Cnidarians of the Cabrières Lagerstätte (Lower Ordovician, France): Diversity, taphonomy, paleoecology, and paleobiogeography. Lethaia, in press.
Van Iten, H., Muir, L., Simões, M.G., Leme, J.M., Marques, A.C. & Yoder, N. 2016: Palaeobiogeography, palaeoecology and evolution of Lower Ordovician conulariids and Sphenothallus (Medusozoa, Cnidaria), with emphasis on the Fezouata Shale of southeastern Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 460, 170–178.
Vannier J., Wang, D., Han, J., Birolini, E., Monceret, E., Monceret, S., Kundura, J.-P., Kundura, M.-H., & Lefebvre, B. 2026: Worms from the Early Ordovician (Floian) Cabrières Biota (Montagne-Noire, southern France), Lethaia, in press.
Vaucher, R., Martin, E.L., Hormière, H. & Pittet, B. 2016: A genetic link between Konzentrat-and Konservat-Lagerstätten in the Fezouata Shale (lower Ordovician, Morocco). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 460, 24–34.
Vaucher, R., Pittet, B., Hormière, H., Martin, E.L. & Lefebvre, B. 2017: A wave-dominated, tide-modulated model for the Lower Ordovician of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Sedimentology 64, 777–807.
Vaucher, R., Michel, S., Pas, D., Gougeon, R., Vizcaíno, D., Lefebvre, B., & Saleh, F. 2026: The Cabrières Biota inhabited a polar wave-influenced delta. Lethaia, in press.
Vayda, P., Birolini, E. & Xiao, S. 2026: Ediacaran-type Vendotaenid macroalgae in an Ordovician Lagerstätte. Lethaia, in press.
Vinther, J., Van Roy, P. & Briggs, D.E. 2008: Machaeridians are Palaeozoic armoured annelids. Nature 451, 185–188.
Vinther, J., Parry, L., Briggs, D.E. & Van Roy, P. 2017: Ancestral morphology of crown-group molluscs revealed by a new Ordovician stem aculiferan. Nature 542, 471–474.
Whitaker, A.F., Schiffbauer, J.D., Briggs, D.E., Leibach, W.W. & Kimmig, J. 2022: Preservation and diagenesis of soft-bodied fossils and the occurrence of phosphate-associated rare earth elements in the Cambrian (Wuliuan) Spence Shale Lagerstätte. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 592, 110909.
Wu, X., Botting, J.P., Zhang, Y., Muir, L.A. & Ma, J.Y. 2022: Taphonomy of exceptional sponge preservation in the Hirnantian Anji Biota, China. Journal of the Geological Society 179, jgs2021–112.
Zhu, M., Babcock, L.E. & Steiner, M. 2005: Fossilization modes in the Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Cambrian of China): testing the roles of organic preservation and diagenetic alteration in exceptional preservation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220, 31–46.