artificial intelligence; building information modelling (BIM); buildings; energy; statistical analysis; structures and design
Abstract :
[en] This study aims to examine the effect of frequently used energy strategies, such as insulation of external walls and roof, glazing type, shading devices, and indoor air temperature of the building, by using the artificial neural networks (ANN) of the Balikesir University Hospital building. The different energy-efficient strategies were simulated after modelling and calibrating the building by way of DesignBuilder. The five other insulation materials and window types were selected, and the overhang and louvre were applied with different lengths as a shading device. Based on the strategies, ANN produced 6250 data points eligible for building construction mode and hospital building use. As a result, when comparing the model output values, ANN gives the results with a satisfactory accuracy of 99% for the estimation and test data. After analysing ANN results, when the current indoor temperature results are set, the maximum saving rate is 18.66% and 72.48% for the heating and cooling periods, respectively.
Disciplines :
Architecture
Author, co-author :
Caner, Ismail; Balikesir University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Balikesir, , Faculty of Applied Science, Sustainable Building Design Lab, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
Ilten, Nadir; Balikesir University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Balikesir,
Ergün, Kadriye; Balikesir University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, , Balikesir,
Attia, Shady ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Techniques de construction des bâtiments
Language :
English
Title :
Effect of passive energy retrofitting strategies by using ANN: a case of a hospital building
Publication date :
02 January 2026
Journal title :
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Energy
ISSN :
1751-4223
eISSN :
1751-4231
Publisher :
Emerald
Volume :
179
Issue :
1
Pages :
57–80
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Development Goals :
11. Sustainable cities and communities 7. Affordable and clean energy
Açıkkalp E and KandemirSY (2019) A method for determining optimum insulation thickness: combined economic and environmental method. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress11: 249–253, 10.1016/j.tsep.2019.04.004.
Afram A, Janabi-SharifiF, FungASet al. et al. (2017) Artificial neural network (ANN) based model predictive control (MPC) and optimization of HVAC systems: a state of the art review and case study of a residential HVAC system. Energy and Buildings141: 96–113, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.012.
Ahmad MW, MourshedM and RezguiY (2017) Trees vs neurons: comparison between random Forest and ANN for high-resolution prediction of building energy consumption. Energy and Buildings147: 77–89, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.038.
Alhuwayil WK, MujeebuMA and AlgarnyAMM (2018) Impact of external shading strategy on energy performance of multi-story hotel building in hot humid climate. Energy169: 1166–1174, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.069.
Ameur M, KharbouchY and MimetA (2020) Optimization of passive design features for a naturally ventilated residential building according to the bioclimatic architecture concept and considering the Northern Morocco climate. Building Simulation13(3): 677–689, 10.1007/s12273-019-0593-6.
Asadi E, SilvaMGd, AntunesCHet al. et al. (2014) Multi-objective optimization for building retrofit: a model using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network and an application. Energy and Buildings81: 444–456, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.06.009.
Ascione F, BiancoN, De StasioCet al. et al. (2016) Simulation-based model predictive control by the multi-objective optimization of building energy performance and thermal comfort. Energy and Buildings111: 131–144, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.033.
Ascione F, BiancoN, De StasioCet al. et al. (2017a) Artificial neural networks to predict energy performance and retrofit scenarios for any member of a building category: a novel approach. Energy118: 999–1017, 10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.126.
Ascione F, BiancoN, De StasioCet al. et al. (2017b) CASA, cost-optimal analysis by multi-objective optimisation and artificial neural networks: a new framework for the robust assessment of cost-optimal energy retrofit, feasible for any building. Energy and Buildings146: 200–219, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.069.
ASHRAE (2017) ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2017: ventilation of health care facilities. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA.
Atmaca I, KaynakliO and YigitA (2006) Effects of radiant temperature on thermal comfort. Building and Environment42(9): 3210–3220, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.009.
Attia S, ShadmanfarN and RicciF (2020) Developing two benchmark models for nearly zero energy schools. Applied Energy263: 114614, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114614.
Attia S, MustafaA, GiryNet al. et al. (2021) Developing two benchmark models for post-world war II residential buildings. Energy and Buildings244: 111052, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111052.
Aydinalp M, UgursalVI and FungAS (2004) Modeling of the space and domestic hot-water heating energy-consumption in the residential sector using neural networks. Applied Energy79(2): 159–178, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.12.006.
Bagnasco A, FresiF, SaviozziMet al. et al. (2015) Electrical consumption forecasting in hospital facilities: an application case. Energy and Buildings103: 261–270, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.05.056.
Bai L and WangS (2018) Definition of new thermal climate zones for building energy efficiency response to the climate change during the past decades in China. Energy170: 709–719, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.187.
Beccali M, CiullaG, Lo BranoVet al. et al. (2017) Artificial neural network decision support tool for assessment of the energy performance and the refurbishment actions for the non-residential building stock in Southern Italy. Energy137: 1201–1218, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.200.
Beck HE, ZimmermannNE, McVicarTRet al. et al. (2020) Publisher correction: present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Scientific Data7(1): 274, 10.1038/s41597-020-00616-w.
Bui D-K, NguyenTN, NgoTDet al. et al. (2019) An artificial neural network (ANN) expert system enhanced with the electromagnetism-based firefly algorithm (EFA) for predicting the energy consumption in buildings. Energy190: 116370, 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116370.
Caner I and IltenN (2020) Evaluation of occupants’ thermal perception in a university hospital in Turkey. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Engineering Sustainability173(8): 414–428, 10.1680/jensu.19.00059.
Ciulla G, D’AmicoA, Lo BranoVet al. et al. (2019) Application of optimized artificial intelligence algorithm to evaluate the heating energy demand of non-residential buildings at European level. Energy176: 380–391, 10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.168.
Coakley D, RafteryP and KeaneM (2014) A review of methods to match building energy simulation models to measured data. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews37: 123–141, 10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.007.
Çomaklı K and YükselB (2003) Optimum insulation thickness of external walls for energy saving. Applied Thermal Engineering23(4): 473–479, 10.1016/s1359-4311(02)00209-0.
Čongradac V, PrebiračevićB, JorgovanovićNet al. et al. (2012) Assessing the energy consumption for heating and cooling in hospitals. Energy and Buildings48: 146–154, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.01.022.
Daouas N (2010) A study on optimum insulation thickness in walls and energy savings in Tunisian buildings based on analytical calculation of cooling and heating transmission loads. Applied Energy88(1): 156–164, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.030.
Deb C, LeeSE and SantamourisM (2018) Using artificial neural networks to assess HVAC related energy saving in retrofitted office buildings. Solar Energy163: 32–44, 10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.075.
Dombaycı ÖA, GölcüM and PancarY (2006) Optimization of insulation thickness for external walls using different energy-sources. Applied Energy83(9): 921–928, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.10.006.
Dombaycı ÖA and GölcüM (2008) Daily means ambient temperature prediction using artificial neural network method: a case study of Turkey. Renewable Energy34(4): 1158–1161, 10.1016/j.renene.2008.07.007.
Gadhave SL and RagitSS (2017) Process optimization of Tung oil methyl ester (Vernicia fordii) using the Taguchi approach, and its fuel characterization. Biofuels11(1): 49–55, 10.1080/17597269.2017.1334441.
Gallagher CV, LeahyK, O’DonovanPet al. et al. (2018) Development and application of a machine learning supported methodology for measurement and verification (M&V) 2.0. Energy and Buildings167: 8–22, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.02.023.
Garnier A, EynardJ, CaussanelMet al. et al. (2015) Predictive control of multizone heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems in non-residential buildings. Applied Soft Computing37: 847–862, 10.1016/j.asoc.2015.09.022.
Harkouss F, FardounF and BiwolePH (2018) Passive design optimization of low energy buildings in different climates. Energy165: 591–613, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.019.
Huang H, ChenL and HuE (2015) A new model predictive control scheme for energy and cost savings in commercial buildings: an airport terminal building case study. Building and Environment89: 203–216, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.01.037.
Huang H, ZhouY, HuangRet al. et al. (2019) Optimum insulation thicknesses and energy conservation of building thermal insulation materials in Chinese zone of humid subtropical climate. Sustainable Cities and Society52: 101840, 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101840.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (2005) ISO 7730:2005 Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria. ISO, Geneva.
Jovanović RŽ, SretenovićAA and ŽivkovićBD (2015) Ensemble of various neural networks for prediction of heating energy consumption. Energy and Buildings94: 189–199, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.02.052.
Kaynakli O and KilicM (2005) An investigation of thermal comfort inside an automobile during the heating period. Applied Ergonomics36(3): 301–312, 10.1016/j.apergo.2005.01.006.
Kaynaklı O and YamankaradenizR (2007) Isıtma süreci ve optimum yalıtım kalınlığı hesabı, VIII. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi pp. 187–195.
Kaynakli O (2012) A review of the economical and optimum thermal insulation thickness for building applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews16(1): 415–425, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.006.
Kaynakli O (2013) Economic thermal insulation thickness for pipes and ducts: a review study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews30: 184–194, 10.1016/j.rser.2013.09.026.
Kirimtat A, KrejcarO, EkiciBet al. et al. (2019) Multi-objective energy and daylight optimization of amorphous shading devices in buildings. Solar Energy185: 100–111, 10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.048.
Kon O (2017) Determination of optimum insulation thicknesses using economical analyse for exterior walls of buildings with different masses. An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA)7(2): 149–157, 10.11121/ijocta.01.2017.00462.
Kon O (2018) Calculation of fuel consumption and emissions in buildings based on external walls and windows using economic optimization. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University33(1), 10.17341/gazimmfd.406783.
Kon O and YükselB (2013) Kamu binalarının isıtma yüküne göre dış duvarlarının optimum yalıtım kalınlıkları ve enerji tüketimleri. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi15(1): 30–47.
Kurekci NA (2016) Determination of optimum insulation thickness for building walls by using heating and cooling degree-day values of all Turkey’s provincial centers. Energy and Buildings118: 197–213, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.03.004.
Lee JW, JungHJ, ParkJYet al. et al. (2012) Optimization of building window system in Asian regions by analyzing solar heat gain and daylighting elements. Renewable Energy50: 522–531, 10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.029.
Li L and HongF (2019) Energy simulation and integration at the early stage of architectural design. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering19(1): 16–29, 10.1080/13467581.2019.1696806.
Li X and YaoR (2021) Modelling heating and cooling energy demand for building stock using a hybrid approach. Energy and Buildings235: 110740, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110740.
Liu S, KwokYT, LauKK-Let al. et al. (2019) Investigating the energy saving potential of applying shading panels on opaque façades: a case study for residential buildings in Hong Kong. Energy and Buildings193: 78–91, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.03.044.
Maaß R, Van PetegemS, GrolimundDet al. et al. (2008) Crystal rotation in Cu single crystal micropillars: in situ laue and electron backscatter diffraction. Applied Physics Letters92(7), 10.1063/1.2884688.
Melo AP, CóstolaD, LambertsRet al. et al. (2014) Development of surrogate models using artificial neural network for building shell energy labelling. Energy Policy69: 457–466, 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.02.001.
Mujeebu MA and AlshamraniOS (2016) Prospects of energy conservation and management in buildings – the Saudi Arabian scenario versus global trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews58: 1647–1663, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.327.
Naji S, KeivaniA, ShamshirbandSet al. et al. (2016) Estimating building energy consumption using extreme learning machine method. Energy97: 506–516, 10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.037.
Neto AH and FiorelliFAS (2008) Comparison between detailed model simulation and artificial neural network for forecasting building energy consumption. Energy and Buildings40(12): 2169–2176, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.06.013.
Ning M and ZaheeruddinM (2009) Neuro-optimal operation of a variable air volume HVAC&R system. Applied Thermal Engineering30(5): 385–399, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.10.009.
Ozel M (2012) Cost analysis for optimum thicknesses and environmental impacts of different insulation materials. Energy and Buildings49: 552–559, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.03.002.
Ozel M (2018) Influence of glazing area on optimum thickness of insulation for different wall orientations. Applied Thermal Engineering147: 770–780, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.089.
Pilechiha P, NorouziasasA, Ghorbani NaeiniHet al. et al. (2021) Evaluation of occupant’s adaptive thermal comfort behaviour in naturally ventilated courtyard houses. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment11(4): 793–811, 10.1108/sasbe-02-2021-0020.
Qu K, ChenX, WangYet al. et al. (2020) Comprehensive energy, economic and thermal comfort assessments for the passive energy retrofit of historical buildings – a case study of a late nineteenth-century Victorian house renovation in the UK. Energy220: 119646, 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119646.
Reynolds J, RezguiY, KwanAet al. et al. (2018) A zone-level, building energy optimisation combining an artificial neural network, a genetic algorithm, and model predictive control. Energy151: 729–739, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.113.
Sharif SA and HammadA (2019) Developing surrogate ANN for selecting near-optimal building energy renovation methods considering energy consumption, LCC and LCA. Journal of Building Engineering25: 100790, 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100790.
Shi F, WangS, HuangJet al. et al. (2019) Design strategies and energy performance of a net-zero energy house based on natural philosophy. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering19(1): 1–15, 10.1080/13467581.2019.1696206.
Skiba M, MrówczyńskaM and Bazan-KrzywoszańskaA (2016) Modeling the economic dependence between town development policy and increasing energy effectiveness with neural networks. Case study: the town of Zielona Góra. Applied Energy188: 356–366, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.006.
Ucar A and BaloF (2009) Determination of the energy savings and the optimum insulation thickness in the four different insulated exterior walls. Renewable Energy35(1): 88–94, 10.1016/j.renene.2009.07.009.
Vanhoudt D, DesmedtJ, Van BaelJet al. et al. (2011) An aquifer thermal storage system in a Belgian hospital: long-term experimental evaluation of energy and cost savings. Energy and Buildings43(12): 3657–3665, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.040.
Yildiz A et al. et al. (2008) Economical and environmental analyses of thermal insulation thickness in buildings. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology28(2): 25–34.
Yu W, LiB, JiaHet al. et al. (2014) Application of multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize energy efficiency and thermal comfort in building design. Energy and Buildings88: 135–143, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.11.063.
Zhang J, LiuN and WangS (2019) A parametric approach for performance optimization of residential building design in Beijing. Building Simulation13(2): 223–235, 10.1007/s12273-019-0571-z.