Article (Scientific journals)
The Rings of (2060) Chiron: Evidence of an Evolving System
Pereira, C. L.; Braga-Ribas, F.; Sicardy, B. et al.
2025In Astrophysical Journal, 992, p. 19
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Keywords :
Centaur group; Stellar occultation; Planetary rings
Abstract :
[en] The centaur (2060) Chiron has long been a candidate for hosting material in orbit, based on occultation and photometric and spectroscopic data. Here, we present a multichord stellar occultation observed on 2023 September 10 UT that reveals new and complex structures surrounding Chiron. High-cadence light curves show multiple secondary events that are best explained (when compared with a multishell interpretation) with a system of three confined rings located at average radii of 273, 325, and 438 km, the outermost of which lies beyond Chiron's Roche limit. The rings appear coplanar, with a mean pole orientation of λ = 151 ± 4 deg and β = 20 ± 6 deg. A broader, disklike structure extends from about 200 to 800 km, and a newly detected faint feature is observed at ∼1380 km. Chiron thus appears as the fourth small solar system body known for hosting a ring system. Comparisons with previous occultation events that have occurred since 1994 show that these features are not permanent. With these observations, we may witness for the first time the ongoing formation and evolution of a ring system.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Pereira, C. L.;  Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil
Braga-Ribas, F.;  Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR-Curitiba), Rua Sete de Setembro, 3165, CEP 80230-901, PR, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil, Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil
Sicardy, B.;  Laboratoire Temps Espace (LTE), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS UMR 8255, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, F75014 Paris, France
Leiva, R.;  Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
Assafin, M.;  Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Observatório do Valongo, Ladeira Pedro Antônio 43, CEP 20080-090, RJ, Brazil
Morgado, B. E.;  Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Observatório do Valongo, Ladeira Pedro Antônio 43, CEP 20080-090, RJ, Brazil
Ortiz, J. L.;  Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
Santos-Sanz, P.;  Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
Camargo, J. I. B.;  Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil
Margoti, G.;  Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR-Curitiba), Rua Sete de Setembro, 3165, CEP 80230-901, PR, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil, Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil
Kilic, Y.;  Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
Benedetti-Rossi, G.;  Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil
Vieira-Martins, R.;  Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil
Pinheiro, T. F. L. L.;  Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital e Planetologia, CEP 12516-410, SP, Brazil
Sfair, R.;  UNESP—São Paulo State University, Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital e Planetologia, CEP 12516-410, SP, Brazil, LIRA, CNRS UMR8254, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, 92190 Meudon, France
Rommel, F. L.;  Florida Space Institute (University of Central Florida), 12354 Research Parkway, Partnership 1, Orlando, FL 32826, USA, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR-Curitiba), Rua Sete de Setembro, 3165, CEP 80230-901, PR, Brazil
Gomes-Júnior, A. R.;  Institute of Physics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, CEP 38408-100, MG, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil
Boufleur, R. C.;  Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil
Duffard, R.;  Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
Desmars, J.;  Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées IPSA, 63 boulevard de Brandebourg, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France, Laboratoire Temps Espace (LTE), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS UMR 8255, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, F75014 Paris, France
Souami, D.;  LIRA, CNRS UMR8254, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, 92190 Meudon, France, naXys, Department of Mathematics, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
Morales, N.;  Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía S/N, 18008 Granada, Spain
Arrese, F.;  Department of Physics, National University of La Pampa (UNLPAM), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
Barkaoui, Khalid  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization
Burdanov, A.;  Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Colazo, C. A.;  Observatorio Astronómico El Gato Gris (MPC I19)—Tanti, Córdoba, Argentina, Observatorio de Raúl Meliá Carlos Paz, Carlos Paz, Córdoba, Argentina
Domingues, C. A.;  Observatório Estrela do Sul, Estrada Mará, km 05, Gleba Ribeirão Aquidaban, CEP 87112-390, PR, Brazil
Dutra, H.;  Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Observatório do Valongo, Ladeira Pedro Antônio 43, CEP 20080-090, RJ, Brazil
Gargalhone, R. C.;  Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, Rua dos Estados Unidos, 154, CEP 37504-364, MG, Brazil
Jacques, C.;  SONEAR Observatory, Serra da Piedade, Caeté, MG, Brazil, SONEAR2 Observatory, Rua Osório de Morais 22, Bairro Ouro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, SONEAR3 Observatory, Serra da Piedade, Km3, Caeté, MG, Brazil
Jablonski, F.;  Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Div. de Astrofísica. Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, CEP 12227-010, SP, Brazil
Liberato, L.;  Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
Melia, R.;  Observatorio de Raúl Meliá Carlos Paz, Carlos Paz, Córdoba, Argentina
Oliveira, J. C.;  Independent Researcher, Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Paraná (SEED-PR), PR, Brazil
Sardiña, M.;  Observatorio El Catalejo (MPC I48), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina, Proyecto de Observación Colaborativa y Regional de Ocultaciones Asteroidales (POCROA), Argentina, Grupo de Astronomía Pampeano (GAP), La Pampa, Argentina
Spagnotto, J.;  Observatorio El Catalejo (MPC I48), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina, Proyecto de Observación Colaborativa y Regional de Ocultaciones Asteroidales (POCROA), Argentina, Grupo de Astronomía Pampeano (GAP), La Pampa, Argentina
Speranza, T.;  Observatorio Astronómico Municipal Reconquista (GORA OMR), Reconquista, Santa Fe, Argentina
Wilberger, A.;  Observatorio Astronómico Los Cabezones (MPC X12), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina, Grupo de Astronomía Pampeano (GAP), La Pampa, Argentina
Zorzan, M. A.;  Edmond Halley Astronomy Club, Praça Ademar Bornia, PR, Brazil
Brito, L. S.;  UNESP—São Paulo State University, Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital e Planetologia, CEP 12516-410, SP, Brazil
Cavalcante, J. P.;  UNESP—São Paulo State University, Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital e Planetologia, CEP 12516-410, SP, Brazil
Costa, T. Q.;  Instituto Federal do Paraná, Campus Ivaiporã, Rua Max Arthur Greipel, 505, 86870-000, PR, Brazil
Emilio, M.;  Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Uvaranas, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900, PR, Brazil, Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil
Garcia-Migani, E.;  Grupo de Ciencias Planetarias, Universidad Nacional de San Juan—CONICET, Argentina
Gillon, Michaël  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Gradovski, E.;  Observatório Nacional/MCTI, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400, RJ, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia/LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., 126, Torre 3000 / sala 817. CEP 20765-000, RJ, Brazil, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR-Curitiba), Rua Sete de Setembro, 3165, CEP 80230-901, PR, Brazil
Jehin, Emmanuel  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Lattari, V.;  UNESP—São Paulo State University, Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital e Planetologia, CEP 12516-410, SP, Brazil
Malacarne, M.;  Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, ES, Brazil
Mammana, L. A.;  El Leoncito Astronomical Complex (CASLEO), Av. España 1512 Sur J5402DSP, San Juan, Argentina, Faculty of Astronomical and Geophysical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Paseo del Bosque S/N. La Plata, B1900FWA, Argentina
Melita, M.;  Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. (CONICET-UBA). Intendente Güiraldes S/N. CABA. C1428ZAA., Argentina, Faculty of Astronomical and Geophysical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Paseo del Bosque S/N. La Plata, B1900FWA, Argentina, Instiuto de Tecnologia e Ingeneria. UNAHUR. Vergara 2222, Hurlingham, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Melo, W.;  Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço: São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Ortiz, A. J.;  Instituto Federal do Paraná, Campus Ivaiporã, Rua Max Arthur Greipel, 505, 86870-000, PR, Brazil
Quitral-Manosalva, P.;  Departamento de Física, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Casilla 1280, Antofagasta, Chile
Ramon, G.;  UNESP—São Paulo State University, Grupo de Dinâmica Orbital e Planetologia, CEP 12516-410, SP, Brazil
Rodrigues, I.;  UNIVAP, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, São José dos Campos, 12244-000, SP, Brazil
Vanzi, L.;  Department of Electrical Engineering and Center of Astro Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Región Metropolitana, Chile
More authors (47 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
The Rings of (2060) Chiron: Evidence of an Evolving System
Publication date :
01 October 2025
Journal title :
Astrophysical Journal
ISSN :
0004-637X
eISSN :
1538-4357
Publisher :
Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)
Volume :
992
Pages :
L19
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 20 October 2025

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