Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis after emergent liver transplant for heat stroke : a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Mucormycosis is a rare but severe opportunistic fungal infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucorales order. It primarily affects immunocompromised patient and manifests in various clinical forms, including upper and lower airway involvement. This clinical entity is particularly concerning due to its high mortality rate, which is largely attributed to delayed diagnosis and complex treatment. Diagnosing pulmonary mucormycosis is challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Pulmonary computed tomography can help to guide the diagnosis, but confirmation relies on mycological and histopathological analyses of bronchial or pulmonary samples. First-line treatment consists of antifungal therapy with high dose liposomal Amphotericin B. Triazoles are moderately recommended as first line agents, but strongly recommended for salvage treatment. When feasible, surgical resection should be combined.