[en] In March 2025, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote, newly proposed taxa were added to those under the mandate of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee. In brief, 1 new order, 3 new families, 6 new genera, 2 new subgenera and 206 new species were created. Some taxa were reorganized. Genus Cytorhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae was abolished and its taxa were redistributed into three new genera Alphacytorhabdovirus, Betacytorhabdovirus and Gammacytorhabdovirus. Genus Waikavirus in the family Secoviridae was reorganized into two subgenera (Actinidivirus and Ritunrivirus). One family and four previously unaffiliated genera were moved to the newly established order Tombendovirales. Twelve species not assigned to a genus were abolished. To comply with the ICTV mandate of a binomial format for virus species, eight species were renamed. Demarcation criteria in the absence of biological information were defined in the genus Ilarvirus (family Bromoviridae). This article presents the updated taxonomy put forth by the Plant Viruses Subcommittee and ratified by the ICTV.
Disciplines :
Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
Author, co-author :
Rubino, Luisa; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Bari, Italy
Abrahamian, Peter; USDA-ARS, BARC, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
An, Wenxia; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
Aranda, Miguel A; Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
Ascencio-Ibañez, José T; Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Bejerman, Nicolas; Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Candresse, Thierry; UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Domaine de la Grande Ferrade, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
Canto, Tomas; Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC) Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Cao, Mengji; National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
Carr, John P; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Cho, Won Kyong; Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Constable, Fiona; Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
Dasgupta, Indranil; University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, India
Debat, Humberto; Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Dietzgen, Ralf G; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
Digiaro, Michele; CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano (BA), Italy
Donaire, Livia; Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
Elbeaino, Toufic; CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano (BA), Italy
Fargette, Denis; Virus South Data, CDV 230980, La Mure, France
Filardo, Fiona; Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia
Fischer, Matthias G; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Hasiów-Jaroszewska, Beata; Institute of Plant Protection-NRI, ul. Wł. Węgorka 20, Poznań, Poland
Hebrard, Eugenie; PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institute Agro, Montpellier, France
Hernández, Carmen; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Hily, Jean-Michel; Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Le Grau du Roi, France
Hosseini, Ahmed; Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Department of Plant Protection, Rafsanjan, Iran
Hull, Roger; Retired from John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
Inoue-Nagata, Alice K; Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, DF, Brazil
Jordan, Ramon; USDA-ARS, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
Kondo, Hideki; Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
Kreuze, Jan F; International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
Krupovic, Mart; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
Kubota, Kenji; Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, 2-1-18, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan
Kuhn, Jens H; Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
Leisner, Scott; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
Lett, Jean-Michel; CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
Li, Chengyu; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
Li, Fan; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, PR China
Li, Jun Min; Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
López-Lambertini, Paola M; Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), INTA, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA) INTA-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
Lopez-Moya, Juan J; Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Barcelona, Spain
Maclot, Francois; UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Domaine de la Grande Ferrade, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
Mäkinen, Kristiina; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Martin, Darren; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Massart, Sébastien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Miller, W Allen; Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
Mohammadi, Musa; Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Mollov, Dimitre; USDA-APHIS, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 4700 River Road, Riverdale, MD, USA
Muller, Emmanuelle; CIRAD, AGAP Institut, AGAP Institut, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398 Montpellier, France
Nagata, Tatsuya; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
Navas-Castillo, Jesús; Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
Neriya, Yutaro; Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
Ochoa-Corona, Francisco M; Oklahoma State University, Institute for Biosecurity & Microbial Forensics, 127 NRC Stillwater, OK, USA
Ohshima, Kazusato; Saga University, Saga, Japan
Pallás, Vicente; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Pappu, Hanu; Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Petrzik, Karel; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Pooggin, Mikhail; PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institute Agro, Montpellier, France
Prigigallo, Maria Isabella; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Bari, Italy
Ramos-González, Pedro L; Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Ribeiro, Simone; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R; Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
Roumagnac, Philippe; CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France
Sabanadzovic, Sead; Department of Agricultural Science and Plant Protection, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
Šafářová, Dana; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Saldarelli, Pasquale; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Bari, Italy
Sanfaçon, Hélène; Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, Canada
Sarmiento, Cecilia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Sasaya, Takahide; Strategic Planning Headquarters, NARO, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan
Scheets, Kay; Department of Plant Pathology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
Schravesande, Willem E W; Molecular Plant Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Seal, Susan; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
Shimomoto, Yoshifumi; Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Japan
Sõmera, Merike; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Stavolone, Livia; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Bari, Italy
Stewart, Lucy R; Currently unaffiliated
Teycheney, Pierre-Yves; CIRAD, UMR PVBMT & UMR PVBMT, Université de la Réunion, F-97410 Saint Pierre de La Réunion, France
Thomas, John E; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
Thompson, Jeremy R; Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, 231 Morrin Rd, St. Johns, Auckland, New Zealand
Tiberini, Antonio; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Rome, Italy
Tomitaka, Yasuhiro; Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, 2-1-18, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan
Tzanetakis, Ioannis; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Umber, Marie; INRAE, UR ASTRO, Domaine de Duclos, Petit Bourg, France
Urbino, Cica; PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institute Agro, Montpellier, France
van den Burg, Harrold A; Molecular Plant Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Van der Vlugt, René A A; Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
Varsani, Arvind; The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Verhage, Adriaan; Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., De Lier, Netherlands
Villamor, Dan; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
von Bargen, Susanne; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, Germany
Walker, Peter J; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Wetzel, Thierry; Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany
Whitfield, Anna E; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Wylie, Stephen J; Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, Australia
Yang, Caixia; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
Zerbini, F Murilo; Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
Zhang, Song; National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
L.R. and M.I.P. acknowledge that part of this work was granted by the European Commission \u2013 NextGenerationEU, Project SUS-MIRRI.IT \"Strengthening the MIRRI Italian Research Infrastructure for Sustainable Bioscience and Bioeconomy\u201D, code n. IR0000005. H.M.O. was supported by the University of Helsinki and the Research Council of Finland by funding for FINStruct and Instruct Centre FI, part of Biocenter Finland and Instruct-ERIC and Horizon MSCA 101120407. This publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award No. U24AI162625. This project was supported in part through a Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organisations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. P.Y.T. was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, contract REU005756) and R\u00E9gion R\u00E9union through the project \u201CDispositif de partenariat en sant\u00E9 et biodiversit\u00E9\u201D. S.S. acknowledges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-3-044, USDA-NIFA SCRI Project 1029242 and NIFA-USDA Hatch Project 7006130. The authors thank Anya Crane (Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript. This is a publication of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), a non-profit, volunteer committee of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiology Societies (IUMS). The ICTV does not represent or endorse the views and actions of governments or the institutions or organisations for which its co-authors work.
Siddell SG, Smith DB, Adriaenssens E, Alfenas-Zerbini P, Dutilh BE, et al. Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). J Gen Virol 2023;104:e001840.
Simmonds P, Adriaenssens EM, Lefkowitz EJ, Oksanen HM, Siddell SG, et al. Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2024). Arch Virol 2024;169:236.
Siddell SG, Walker PJ, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Dutilh BE, et al. Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation. Arch Virol 2020;165:519–525.
Walker PJ, Siddell SG, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adriaenssens EM, et al. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021). Arch Virol 2021;166:2633–2648.
Postler TS, Rubino L, Adriaenssens EM, Dutilh BE, Harrach B, et al. Guidance for creating individual and batch latinized binomial virus species names. J Gen Virol 2022;103:001800.
Zerbini FM, Siddell SG, Mushegian AR, Walker PJ, Lefkowitz EJ, et al. Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly. Arch Virol 2022;167:1231–1234.
Simmonds P, Adams MJ, Benkő M, Breitbart M, Brister JR, et al. Consensus statement: virus taxonomy in the age of metagenomics. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017;15:161–168.
Mayne R, Simmonds P, Smith D, Adriaenssense E, Lefkowitz EJ, et al. Virus taxonomy proposal summaries: a searchable and cite-able resource to disseminate virus taxonomy advances. J Gen Virol 2025;106.
Sabanadzovic S, Abergel C, Ayllón M, Botella L, Canuti M, et al. Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee. J Gen Virol 2025;106.
Hughes HR, Ballinger MJ, Bao Y, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, et al. Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025. J Gen Virol 2025;106.
Teycheney P-Y, Geering ADW, Dasgupta I, Hull R, Kreuze JF, et al. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Caulimoviridae. J Gen Virol 2020;101:1025–1026.
Geering A. Badnaviruses (Caulimoviridae). In: Bamford DH and Zuckerman M (eds). Encyclopedia of Virology, 4th Edition. 3. Oxford: Academic Press; 2021. pp. 158–168.
Quito-Avila DF, Freitas-Astúa J, Melzer MJ. Bluner-, cile-, and higreviruses (Kitaviridae). Encyclopedia of virology 2021:247–251.
Ramos-González PL, Dias Arena G, Tassi AD, Chabi-Jesus C, Watanabe Kitajima E, et al. Kitaviruses: a window to atypical plant viruses causing nonsystemic diseases. Annu Rev Phytopathol 2023;61:97–118.
Muhire B, Martin DP, Brown JK, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E, et al. A genome-wide pairwise-identity-based proposal for the classification of viruses in the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae). Arch Virol 2013;158:1411–1424.
Brown JK, Zerbini FM, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E, Ramos-Sobrinho R, et al. Revision of Begomovirus taxonomy based on pairwise sequence comparisons. ArchVirol2015;160:1593–1619.
Reyes-Proaño EG, Cañada-Bautista MG, Cornejo-Franco JF, Alvarez-Quinto RA, Mollov D, et al. The virome of babaco (Vasconcellea × heilbornii) expands to include new members of the Rhabdoviridae and Bromoviridae. Viruses 2023;15:1380.
Hu J, Miao T, Que K, Rahman MdS, Zhang L, et al. Identification, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a novel nucleorhabdovirus infecting Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Sci Rep 2023;13:10040.
Bejerman N, Dietzgen R, Debat H. Novel tri-segmented rhabdoviruses: a data mining expedition unveils the cryptic diversity of cytorhabdoviruses. Viruses 2023;15:2402.
