Abstract :
[en] This chapter looks at how participatory design fits into the broader panorama of participation and maps out the new roles and responsibilities of these “user-designers”. It examines these new roles and responsibilities through the prism of participatory modalities, particularly those deployed in the context of smart cities. The chapter provides a theoretical framework for participatory design by presenting and critiquing various models of citizen participation in design. It then draws on major findings from the scientific literature and on concrete research work rooted in the smart city field, in which citizen participation is becoming common place, to study the evolving roles of citizens and designers in design projects, as well as the contemporary challenges of participatory design. In practice, user-centered design relies more on considering users as subjects of study, whose participation is rather passive and indirect. Creativity is an intrinsic component common to all design activities.
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