[en] Evolutionary radiations are fundamental to the generation of biodiversity, occurring when organisms rapidly diversify to exploit various ecological niches. Symbiosis can serve as a powerful catalyst for such diversification, as illustrated by the iconic association of anemonefish and sea anemones. However, a critical gap in our understanding of adaptive radiations lies in determining how ecological opportunities drive adaptive morphological, behavioral, and physiological traits and how these traits, in turn, influence diversification. Using anemonefish (Amphiprion spp.) as a model, we investigated the phenotypic diversification accompanying their evolutionary history following symbiosis with giant sea anemones. While host specificity has traditionally been viewed as the primary driver of anemonefish adaptive radiation, we present an alternative perspective, showing that distinct ecological strategies-independent of host species-may also significantly contribute to their diversification. By examining half of the described anemonefish species, we combined field observations, swimming tunnel experiments, computational simulations, and morphological analyses to empirically reveal the presence of eco-morphotypes that exist independently of host specificity. Our findings provide novel insights into the evolutionary history and processes shaping anemonefish diversity. We show that, beyond sea anemone hosts, multiple drivers significantly contributed to their diversification. Integrative phenotyping, combining in situ and laboratory observations, reveals the forces driving adaptive radiations. It uncovers an unexpected, fine-tuned diversification in anemonefish, exemplifying how natural selection precisely shapes biodiversity during radiative bursts and highlighting the complexity of ecological interactions and evolutionary mechanisms.
Research Center/Unit :
FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
Disciplines :
Life sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others Zoology Environmental sciences & ecology Aquatic sciences & oceanology
Author, co-author :
Mercader, Manon ; Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan. Electronic address: manon.mercader@oist.jp
Ziadi-Künzli, Fabienne; Nonlinear and Non-equilibrium Physics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
Olivieri, Stefano; Complex Fluids and Flows Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan, Department of Civil, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
Komoto, Shinya; Scientific Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
Rosti, Marco Edoardo; Nonlinear and Non-equilibrium Physics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
Frederich, Bruno ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS)
Laudet, Vincent; Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaoxi, Yilan 262, Taiwan, CNRS IRL 2028 "Eco-Evo-Devo of Coral Reef Fish Life Cycle" (EARLY), Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan. Electronic address: vincent.laudet@oist.jp
Language :
English
Title :
Integrative phenotyping reveals new insights into the anemonefish adaptive radiation.
The authors would like to thank Hiroki Takamiyagi, Keishu Asada, and Jeffrey Jolly for their help in the field; Tim Ravasi for providing the swimming tunnel; Billy Moore for his help with the respirometry experiment; Lilian Carlu for his great work maintaining the fish; and Nobuo Ueda (OIST Marine Sciences Station) for his help setting up equipment. They are also very grateful to the following for providing fish specimens: Shu-Hua Lee, Manuel Aranda and Holger Anlauf, Fabio Cortesi and Abigail Shaughnessy, David Lecchini and Fr\u00E9d\u00E9ric Bertucci, Hui-Min Chung and Cooper Catalini, Richard Crowe, and Kei Miyamoto. They would like to warmly thank Ken Maeda for his advice on fish fixation and his help with museum specimens and Laurie Mitchell for his comments on the manuscript. Finally, they thank the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology for funding.
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