Engineering (all); Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all); Chemistry (all); Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)
Abstract :
[en] Raman spectroscopy is an emergent fast, non-invasive, non-destructive and cost-effective analytical method ensuring quality, traceability, and authenticity in the food industry. This chapter explores the basic principle, instrumentation, and operational parameters of Raman spectroscopy, highlighting its molecular fingerprinting capabilities. Advanced modalities, such as Resonant Raman Spectroscopy, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy, developed to increase the method sensitivity and selectivity are also discussed for food analyses. Raman spectroscopy serves as a potent tool for quality control and authenticity assessment. Notable applications developed here include detecting pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, characterizing their molecular structure, and identifying potential fraud or adulteration, contributing to agricultural safety. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy is valuable in detecting adulteration in edible oils. Ongoing research aims to enhance sensitivity and accuracy in food analysis using Raman spectroscopy.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Verdin, Alexandre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Chimie analytique inorganique
Malherbe, Cédric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Chimie analytique inorganique
Eppe, Gauthier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.)
Arnould, Quentin; Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Knowledge and valorisation of agricultural products Department, Quality and authentication of agricultural products Unit, Gembloux, Belgium
Delhotte, Delphine; Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Knowledge and valorisation of agricultural products Department, Quality and authentication of agricultural products Unit, Gembloux, Belgium
Baeten, Vincent; Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Knowledge and valorisation of agricultural products Department, Quality and authentication of agricultural products Unit, Gembloux, Belgium
Pierna, Juan Antonio Fernández; Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Knowledge and valorisation of agricultural products Department, Quality and authentication of agricultural products Unit, Gembloux, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Raman Spectroscopy
Publication date :
2024
Main work title :
Non-invasive and Non-destructive Methods for Food Integrity
Abbas O, Fernández Pierna JA, Codony R, von Holst C, Baeten V (2009) Assessment of the discrimination of animal fat by FT-Raman spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 924–926:294–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.01.027
Abbas O, Pissard A, Baeten V (2020) Near-infrared, mid-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. In: Pico Y (ed) Chemical Analysis of Food: Techniques and Applications. Elsevier Science, Burlington, pp 77–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813266-1.00003-6
Almeida MR, Fidelis CHV, Barata LES, Poppi RJ (2013) Classification of Amazonian rosewood essential oil by Raman spectroscopy and PLS-DA with reliability estimation. Talanta 117:305–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.025
Aparicio R (1998) Authentication of virgin olive oil by FT-MIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy; project FAIR CT1996-5053. The Commission of the European Communities
Baeten V, Meurens M, Morales MT, Aparicio R (1996) Detection of virgin olive oil adulteration by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 44:2225–2230. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9600115
Baeten V, Hourant P, Morales MT, Aparicio R (1998) Oils and fats classification by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 46(7):2638–2646. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9707851
Baeten V, Dardenne P, Aparicio R (2001) Interpretation of Fourier transform Raman spectra of the unsaponifiable matter in a selection of edible oils. J Agric Food Chem 49:5098–5107. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010146x
Baeten V, Fernández Pierna JA, Dardenne P, Meurens M, García González DL, Aparicio Ruiz R (2005) Detection of the presence of hazelnut oil in olive oil by FT-Raman and FT-MIR spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 53:6201–6206. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050595n
Banwell CN, McCash EM (1994) Raman spectroscopy. In: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill Companies, pp 124–155
Baranska M, Schulz H, Rösch P, Strehle M, Popp J (2004) Identification of secondary metabolites in medicinal and spice plants by NIR-FT-Raman microspectroscopic mapping. Analyst 129:926–930. https://doi.org/10.1039/B408933M
Baranska M, Schulz H, Joubert E, Manley M (2006) In situ flavonoid analysis by FT-Raman spectroscopy: identification, distribution, and quantification of aspalathin in green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis). Anal Chem 78:7716–7721. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061123q
Beganović A, Hawthorne LM, Bach K, Huck CW (2019) Critical review on the utilization of handheld and portable Raman spectrometry in meat science. Foods 8(2):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8020049
Bian X, Wang Y, Wang S, Johnson JB, Sun H, Guo Y, Tan X (2022) A review of advanced methods for the quantitative analysis of single component oil in edible oil blends. Foods 11(16):2436. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11162436
Bodelón G, Pastoriza-Santos I (2020) Recent progress in surface-enhanced Raman scattering for the detection of chemical contaminants in water. Front Chem 8:478. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00478
Boyaci IH, Temiz HT, Uysal RS, Velioglu HM, Yadegari RJ, Rishkan MM (2014) A novel method for discrimination of beef and horsemeat using Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 148:37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.006
Camerlingo C, Portaccio M, Delfino I, Lepore M (2019) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for monitoring extravirgin olive oil bioactive components. J Chem 2019:9537419. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9537419
Chen J, Lv J, Wei J, Shum PP, Chen GJ (2023) Raman spectroscopy in food safety: a mini review. Glob J Nutr Food Sci 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.007
Curran Eggertson E, Venturini F (2023) Resonant Raman spectroscopy of carotenoids in aging of extra olive oil. Sensors 23(17):7621. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177621
Damiani T, Alonso Salces RM, Aubone I, Baeten V, Arnould Q, Dall’Asta C, Fuselli SR, Fernández Pierna JA (2020) Vibrational spectroscopy coupled to a multivariate analysis tiered approach for Argentinean honey provenance confirmation. In: Delahaut P, Marega R (eds) Novel Analytical Methods in Food Analysis. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101450
De Lima TK, Musso M, Menezes DB (2020) Using Raman spectroscopy and an exponential equation approach to detect adulteration of olive oil with rapeseed and corn oil. Food Chem 333:127454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127454
Dhakal S, Li Y, Peng Y, Chao K, Qin J, Guo L (2014) Prototype instrument development for non-destructive detection of pesticide residue in apple surface using Raman technology. J Food Eng 123:94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.09.025
Dhakal S, Chao K, Schmidt W, Qin J, Kim M, Chan D (2016) Evaluation of turmeric powder adulterated with metanil yellow using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. Foods 5:36. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5020036
Dhakal S, Chao K, Qin J, Kim M, Peng Y, Chan D (2017) Identification and evaluation of composition in food powder using point-scan Raman spectral imaging. Appl Sci 7(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010001
Dias LAF, Jussiani EI, Appoloni CR (2019) Reference Raman spectral database of commercial pesticides. J Appl Spectrosc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-019-00798-1
Dib O, Assaf A, Grangé E, Morin JF, Cordella C, Thouand G (2023) Chemometrics tools for the non-targeted research of food bacteria by Raman spectroscopy. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4347438
Dietzek B, Cialla D, Schmitt M, Popp J (2010) Introduction to the fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy. In: Dieing T, Hollricher O, Toporski J (eds) Confocal Raman Microscopy. Springer
Dong JJ, Wu JZ, Chen Y, Liu CL, Chen LG (2017) Rapid quantitative determination of raw material components in blended edible oil based on Raman spectroscopy. Trans Chin Soc Agric 48:417–421+428. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12522-5_2
Dowgiallo AM, Guenther DA (2019) Determination of the limit of detection of multiple pesticides utilizing gold nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 67(46):12642–12651. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01544
El Maouardi M, Alaoui Mansouri M, De Braekeleer K, Bouklouze A, Vander Heyden Y (2023) Evaluation of multivariate filters on vibrational spectroscopic fingerprints for the PLS-DA and SIMCA classification of Argan oils from four Moroccan regions. Molecules 28:5698. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155698
Emonds-Al G, Malherbe C, Kasemiire A, Avohou HT, Hubert P, Ziemons E, Monbaliu JC, Eppe G (2022) Development and validation of an integrated microfluidic device with an in-line Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) detection of glyphosate in drinking water. Talanta 249:123640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123640
Esmonde-White K, Lewis M, Perilli T, Della Vedova T, Lewis I (2022) Raman spectroscopy in analysing fats and oils in foods. Spectroscopy 37(s6):34–45. https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.jb8390i4
Fan D, Huang W, Liu TC, Zhang X, Li W, Gao X, Meng Y (2022) Quantitative analysis of blended oils by confocal Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics in situ. Food Control 142:109244
Fernández Pierna JA, Abbas O, Dardenne P, Baeten V (2011) Discrimination of Corsican honey by FT-Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ 15(1):75–84. https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/index.php?id=6895
Gabbitas A, Ahlborn G, Allen K, Pang S (2023) Advancing mycotoxin detection: multivariate rapid analysis on corn using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Toxins 15(10):610. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15100610
Georgouli K, Martinez Del Rincon J, Koidis A (2017) Continuous statistical modelling for rapid detection of adulteration of extra virgin olive oil using mid infrared and Raman spectroscopic data. Food Chem 217:735–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.011
Guo Z, Chen P, Yosri N, Chen Q, Elseedi HR, Zou X, Yang H (2023) Detection of heavy metals in food and agricultural products by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Rev Int 39(3):1440–1461. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1934005
Herrero AM (2008) Raman spectroscopy: a promising technique for quality assessment of meat and fish—A review. Food Chem 107:1642–1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.014
Huayhongthong S, Khuntayaporn P, Thirapanmethee K, Wanapaisan P, Chomnawang M (2019) Raman spectroscopic analysis of food-borne microorganisms. LWT 114:108419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108419
Jensen IJ, Eliertsen KE, Almli Otnaes CH, Maehre HK, Elvevoll EO (2020) An update on the content of fatty acids, dioxins, PCBs and heavy metals in farmed, escaped and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway. Foods 9(12):1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9121901
Jentzsch PV, Ramos LA, Ciobotă V (2015) Handheld Raman spectroscopy for the distinction of essential oils used in the cosmetics industry. Cosmetics 2:162–176. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2020162
Jia B, Wang W, Ni XZ, Chu X, Yoon SC, Lawrence KC (2020) Detection of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi in cereal grains using vibrational spectroscopic techniques: a review. World Mycotoxin J 13(2):163–177. https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2019.2510
Jimenez-Carvelo AM, Osorio MT, Koidis A, Gonzalez-Casado A, Cuadros-Rodriguez L (2017) Chemometric classification and quantification of olive oil in blends with any edible vegetable oils using FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy. LWT-Food Sci Technol 86:174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.050
Jin H, Li H, Yin Z, Zhu Y, Lu A, Zhao D, Li C (2021) Application of Raman spectroscopy in the rapid detection of waste cooking oil. Food Chem 362:130191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130191
Kuhar N, Sil S, Umapathy S (2021) Potential of Raman spectroscopic techniques to study proteins. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 258:119712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.119712
Larkin PJ (2018) Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: Principles and Spectral Interpretation, 2nd edn. Elsevier
Le Ru EC, Etchegoin PG (2009) Principles of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52779-0.X0001-3
Li YP, Fang T, Zhu SQ, Huang FR, Chen ZQ, Wan Y (2018) Detection of olive oil adulteration with waste cooking oil via Raman spectroscopy combined with iPLS and SiPLS. Spectrochim Acta A 189:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.049
Lin DY, Yu CY, Ku CA, Chung CK (2023) Design, fabrication, and applications of SERS substrates for food safety detection: review. Micromachines 14(7):1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071343
Liu Y, Delwiche SR, Dong Y (2009) Feasibility of FT–Raman spectroscopy for rapid screening for DON toxin in ground wheat and barley. Food Addit Contam Part A 26(10):1396–1401. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030903013310
Liu B, Zhou P, Liu X, Sun X (2012) Detection of pesticides in fruits by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with gold nanostructures. Food Bioprocess Technol 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0774-5
Liu Y, Ren X, Yu H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Xie Y (2020) Non-destructive and online egg freshness assessment from the eggshell based on Raman spectroscopy. Food Control 118:107426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107426
Liu Z, Yang Y, Huang M, Zhu Q (2023) Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy combined with attention-based LSTM for freshness evaluation of shrimp. Sensors 23(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052827
Logan BG, Hopkins DL, Schmidtke LM, Fowler SM (2022) Assessing chemometric models developed using Raman spectroscopy and fatty acid data for Northern and Southern Australian beef production systems. Meat Sci 187:108753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108753
Lopez-Diez EC, Bianchi G, Goodacre R (2003) Rapid quantitative assessment of the adulteration of virgin olive oils with hazelnut using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. J Agric Food Chem 51:6145–6150. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034493d
Luna Hernández I (2018) Detección de residuos de glifosato de maíz mediante espectroscopía Raman de superficie aumentada. PhD thesis, University of Puebla (Mexico)
Marino-Lopez A, Sousa-Castillo A, Blanco-Formoso M, Furini LN, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Pazos-Perez N (2019) Microporous plasmonic capsules as stable molecular sieves for direct SERS quantification of small pollutants in natural waters. ChemNanoMat 5:46–50. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00478
McCreery RL (2001) Raman Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471721646
Mendes TO, da Rocha RA, Porto BLS, de Oliveira MAL, dos Anjos VC, Bell MJV (2015) Quantification of extra-virgin olive oil adulteration with soybean oil: a comparative study of NIR, MIR, and Raman spectroscopy associated with chemometric approaches. Food Anal Methods 8:2339–2346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0121-y
Mendes TO, Porto BLS, Almeida MR, Fantini C, Sena MM (2019) Discrimination between conventional and omega-3 fatty acids enriched eggs by FT-Raman spectroscopy and chemometric tools. Food Chem 273:144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.084
Morey R, Ermolenkov A, Payne WZ, Scheuring DC, Koym JW, Vales MI, Kurouski D (2020) Non-invasive identification of potato varieties and prediction of the origin of tuber cultivation using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 412(19):4585–4594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02706-5
Mosca S, Conti C, Stone N, Matousek P (2021) Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Nat Rev Methods Primers 1:21. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00490
Mosier-Boss PA (2017) Review of SERS substrates for chemical sensing. Nano 7(6):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7060142
Nunes KM, Vinícius M, Andrade O, Almeida MR, Fantini C, Sena MM (2019) Raman spectroscopy and discriminant analysis applied to the detection of frauds in bovine meat by the addition of salts and carrageenan. Microchem J 147:582–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.076
Ogundare SA, van Zyl WE (2019) A review of cellulose-based substrates for SERS: fundamentals, design principles, applications. Cellulose 26:6489–6528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02580-0
Ostovar S, Afshari R, Landry J, Pillidge C, Gill H, Blanch E (2021) Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy: a convenient and rapid tool to distinguish cheese made with milks from different animal species. J Raman Spectrosc 52(10):1705–1711. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6179
Pang S, Yang T, He L (2016) Review of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) detection of synthetic chemical pesticides. Trends Anal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.017
Pérez-Beltran CH, Pérez-Caballero G, Andrade JM, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Jiménez-Carvelo AM (2022) Non-targeted spatially offset Raman spectroscopy-based vanguard analytical method to authenticate spirits: white tequilas as a case study. Microchem J 183:108126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.108126
Petersen M, Yu Z, Lu X (2021) Application of Raman spectroscopic methods in food safety: a review. Biosensors 11(6):187. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11060187
Pham UT, Phan QHT, Nguyen LP, Luu PD, Doan TD, Trinh HT, Dinh CT, Nguyen TV, Tran TQ, Le DX (2022) Rapid quantitative determination of multiple pesticide residues in mango fruits by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Processes 10(3):442. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030442
Pompeu DR, Larondelle Y, Rogez H, Abbas O, Fernández Pierna JA, Baeten V (2018) Characterization and discrimination of phenolic compounds using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and chemometric tools. Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ 22(1):13–28. https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.16270
Qin J, Chao K, Kim MS (2013) Simultaneous detection of multiple adulterants in dry milk using macro-scale Raman chemical imaging. Food Chem 138:998–1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.115
Qin J, Kim MS, Chao K, Schmidt WF, Dhakal S, Cho BK, Peng Y, Huang M (2017) Subsurface inspection of food safety and quality using line-scan spatially offset Raman spectroscopy technique. Food Control 75:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.012
Ren L, Tian Y, Yang X, Wang Q, Wang L, Geng X, Wang K, Du Z, Li Y, Lin H (2023) Rapid identification of fish species by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning methods. Food Chem 400:134043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134043
Rocío LA, Mariel RR (2019) Implementación de nuevas técnicas de detección ultrasensible de residuos de pesticidas en cáscara de frutas y vegetales. Investigación Joven 6
Sato Berrú RY, Medina Gutiérrez C, Medina Valtierra J, Frausto Reyes C (2004) Aplicación de la espectroscopia Raman para la caracterización de pesticidas orgánicos. Rev Int Contam Ambient 20(1):17–24
Schorn-García D, Ezenarro J, Aceña L, Busto O, Boqué R, Giussani B, Mestres M (2023) Spatially offset Raman spectroscopic (SORS) analysis of wine alcoholic fermentation: a preliminary study. Fermentation 9(2):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9020115
Shadi I, Schuler S, Warner ME, Jarvis R, Goodacre R (2008) Analysis of banned food additives (E numbers) by surface enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy using gold nanoparticles. MIB Interdisciplinary Research Conference
Skoulika SG, Georgiou CA, Polissiou MG (2000) FT-Raman spectroscopy — analytical tool for routine analysis of diazinon pesticide formulations. Talanta 51(3):599–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(99)00336-7
Smith E, Dent G (2019) Modern Raman Spectroscopy: A Practical Approach, 2nd edn. Wiley
Socrates G (2004) Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts, 3rd edn. Wiley
Stiles PL, Deringer JA, Shah NC, Van Duyne RP (2008) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Annu Rev Anal Chem 1:601–626. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112814
Stocco G, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Deshwal GK, Cruz Sanchez J, Molle A, Pizzamiglio V, Berzaghi P, Gergov G, Cipolat-Gotet C (2024) Exploring the use of NIR and Raman spectroscopy for the prediction of quality traits in PDO cheeses. Front Nutr 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1327301
Sun Y, Tang H, Zou X, Meng G, Wu N (2022) Raman spectroscopy for food quality assurance and safety monitoring: a review. Curr Opin Food Sci 47:100910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100910
Taylan O, Cebi N, Yilmaz MT, Sagdic O, Ozdemir D, Balubaid M (2021) Rapid detection of green-pea adulteration in pistachio nuts using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. J Sci Food Agric 101:1699–1708. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10845
Tena N, Aparicio R, Baeten V, Garcia-Gonzalez DL, Fernandez-Pierna JA (2019) Assessment of vibrational spectroscopy performance in geographical identification of virgin olive oils: a world level study. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201900035
Teng Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Zuo S, Li X, Pan Z, Shao K, Du J, Li Z (2024) Revealing the adulteration of sesame oil products by portable Raman spectrometer and 1D CNN vector regression: a comparative study with chemometrics and colorimetry. Food Chem 436:137694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137694
Terry LR, Sanders S, Potoff RH, Kruel JW, Jain M, Guo H (2022) Applications of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in environmental detection. Anal Sci Adv 3(3–4):113–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/ansa.202200003
Vandenabeele P (2013) Practical Raman Spectroscopy—An Introduction. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119961284
Vandenabeele P, Edwards HGM, Jehlička J (2014) The role of mobile instrumentation in novel applications of Raman spectroscopy: archaeometry, geosciences, and forensics. Chem Soc Rev 43:2628–2649. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60263J
Vargas Jentzsch P, Ciobotă V (2014) Raman spectroscopy as an analytical tool for analysis of vegetable and essential oils. Flavour Fragr J 29:287–295. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3203
Vargas Jentzsch P, Gualpa F, Ramos LA, Ciobotă V (2018) Adulteration of clove essential oil: detection using a handheld Raman spectrometer. Flavour Fragr J 33:184–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3438
Vermeulen P, Fernández Pierna JA, Abbas O, Rogez H, Davrieux F, Baeten V (2017) Authentication and traceability of agricultural and food products using vibrational spectroscopy. In: Montet D, Ray RC (eds) Food Traceability and Authenticity: Analytical Techniques, Biology series. CRC Press, p 450. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351228435
Wang Q, Li Z, Ma Z, Liang L (2014) Real time monitoring of multiple components in wine fermentation using an on-line auto-calibration Raman spectroscopy. Sens Actuators B Chem 202:426–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.05.109
Wang X, Huang SC, Hu S, Yan S, Ren B (2020) Fundamental understanding and applications of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Rev Phys 2:253–271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-0171-y
Wang K, Li Z, Li J, Lin H (2021) Raman spectroscopic techniques for nondestructive analysis of agri-foods: a state-of-the-art review. Trends Food Sci Technol 118(Part A):490–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.010
Wu Z, Pu H, Sun DW (2021) Fingerprinting and tagging detection of mycotoxins in agri-food products by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: principles and recent applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 110:393–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.013
Xiao L, Feng S, Lu X (2023) Raman spectroscopy: principles and recent applications in food safety. Adv Food Nutr Res 106:1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.007
Xu ML, Gao Y, Han XX, Zhao B (2017) Detection of pesticide residues in food using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a review. J Agric Food Chem 65(32):6719–6726. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02504
Yang D, Ying Y (2011) Applications of Raman spectroscopy in agricultural products and food analysis: a review. Appl Spectrosc Rev 46(7):539–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2011.593216
Zarei M, Solomatova NV, Aghaei H, Rothwell A, Wiens J, Melo L, Good TG, Shokatian S, Grant E (2023) Machine learning analysis of Raman spectra to quantify the organic constituents in complex organic–mineral mixtures. Anal Chem 95(43):15908–15916. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02348
Zhai C, Peng Y, Li Y, Chao K (2016) Extraction and identification of mixed pesticides’ Raman signal and establishment of their prediction models. J Raman Spectrosc. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5049
Zhai W, You T, Ouyang X, Wang M (2021) Recent progress in mycotoxins detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12686
Zhang D, Liang P, Chen W, Tang Z, Li C, Xiao K, Jin S, Ni D, Yu Z (2021) Rapid field trace detection of pesticide residue in food based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Microchim Acta 188:370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-05025-3
Zhao X, Li M, Xu Z (2018) Detection of foodborne pathogens by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Front Microbiol 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01236
Zhao H, Zhan Y, Xu Z, Nduwamungu JJ, Zhou Y, Powers R, Xu C (2022) The application of machine-learning and Raman spectroscopy for the rapid detection of edible oils type and adulteration. Food Chem 373(Part B):131471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131471
