carbon dioxide removal; impact assessment; ocean oxygen; % reductions; 'current; Biotics; Carbon dioxide removal; Deoxygenations; Impact assessments; Ocean oxygen; Oxygen loss; Potential impacts; Remineralization; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Environmental Science (all); Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract :
[en] Global warming is a main cause for current ocean deoxygenation. A deployment of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) for mitigating global warming could therefore also be viewed as a measure for mitigating ocean deoxygenation if, and only if, the respective CDR measure itself does not lead to a larger oxygen loss than the reduction in atmospheric CO2 would prevent. We here review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential impacts of various marine CDR (mCDR) options onto ocean oxygen, a key ocean state variable and an essential element for all higher forms of marine life. Using results from global model simulations, we show that biotic approaches, such as ocean fertilization, macroalgae cultivation and sinking, and placement of organic matter that is prone to remineralization, can lead to a loss in seawater dissolved oxygen that is 4-40 times larger than the oxygen gain that would result from the CDR-induced reduction in global warming only. Biotic approaches also tend to enhance the amplitude of the diel cycle in dissolved oxygen, with possible physiological impacts specifically in shallow-water environments of coastal vegetated ecosystem. In contrast, geochemical approaches, and biotic approaches that avoid remineralization of biomass within the ocean, may be applied in ways that have minimal impacts on dissolved oxygen. We suggest that impacts on marine oxygen should be accounted for in assessing the suitability of mCDR, and that oxygen should be measured prior to, during and after any research-scale or full-scale implementation activity.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Oschlies, Andreas ; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany ; Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Slomp, Caroline P.; Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Altieri, Andrew H.; Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
Gallo, Natalya D. ; Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Grégoire, Marilaure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS)
Isensee, Kirsten; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, Paris, France
Levin, Lisa A.; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Wu, Jiajun ; Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Language :
English
Title :
Potential impacts of marine carbon dioxide removal on ocean oxygen
EU - European Union BMBF - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Funding text :
We thank three reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the quality of the manuscript, and the Global Ocean Oxygen Network (GO2NE) expert working group of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) and its secretariat for supporting this work. AO acknowledges funding by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Grant No. 03F0965A; Project RETAKE, DAM Mission \u201CMarine carbon sinks in decarbonization pathways\u2019, CDRmare) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation program (Grant No. 869357, Project OceanNETs; Grant No. 101081362, Project SEAO2-CDR). NDG acknowledges funding by the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe program (Grant No. 101083922, Project OceanICU; Grant Nos. No. 101082021, Project MARCO-BOLO) and the Norwegian Research Council (Project No. 301077; HypOnFjordFish).We thank three reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the quality of the manuscript, and the Global Ocean Oxygen Network (GONE) expert working group of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) and its secretariat for supporting this work. AO acknowledges funding by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Grant No. 03F0965A; Project RETAKE, DAM Mission \u201CMarine carbon sinks in decarbonization pathways\u2019, CDRmare) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation program (Grant No. 869357, Project OceanNETs; Grant No. 101081362, Project SEAO2-CDR). NDG acknowledges funding by the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe program (Grant No. 101083922, Project OceanICU; Grant Nos. No. 101082021, Project MARCO-BOLO) and the Norwegian Research Council (Project No. 301077; HypOnFjordFish). 2
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