[en] In 2014, Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV) was discovered in Austria in Physostegia virginiana. Subsequent collaborative efforts established a link between the virus and severe fruit symptoms on important crops such as tomato, eggplant, and cucumber across nine European countries. Thereafter, specific knowledge gaps, which are crucial to assess the risks PhCMoV can pose for production and how to manage it, needed to be addressed. In this study, the transmission, prevalence, and disease severity of PhCMoV were examined. This investigation led to the identification of PhCMoV presence in a new country, Switzerland. Furthermore, our research indicates that the virus was already present in Europe 30 years ago. Bioassays demonstrated PhCMoV can result in up to 100% tomato yield losses depending on the phenological stage of the plant at the time of infection. PhCMoV was found to naturally infect 12 new host plant species across eight families, extending its host range to 21 plant species across 15 plant families. The study also identified a polyphagous leafhopper (genus Anaceratagallia) as a natural vector of PhCMoV. Overall, PhCMoV was widespread in small-scale diversified vegetable farms in Belgium where tomato is grown in soil under tunnels, occurring in approximately one-third of such farms. However, outbreaks were sporadic and were associated at least once with the cultivation in tomato tunnels of perennial plants that can serve as a reservoir host for the virus and its vector. To further explore this phenomenon and manage the virus, studying the ecology of the vector would be beneficial.
Disciplines :
Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
Author, co-author :
Temple, Coline ; Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
Boezen, Dieke; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6700 AB, The Netherlands
Botermans, Marleen; Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health, Netherlands Food and Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands
Durant, Laurena ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
De Jonghe, Kris; Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
de Koning, Pier; Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health, Netherlands Food and Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands
Goedefroit, Thomas; Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
Minet, Laurent; Hortiforum asbl/Centre Technique Horticole de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium
Steyer, Stephan; Crops and Forest Health Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Gembloux, Belgium
Verdin, Eric; Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Avignon, 84000, France
Zwart, Mark; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, 6700 AB, The Netherlands
Massart, Sébastien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
European Union. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions FPS Health Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment
Funding text :
Support was provided by the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (agreement 813542) and Federal Public Service, Public Health, Belgium (grant RT 18/3 SEVIPLANT 55). We thank Frederic Dresen from the Phytopathology Laboratory of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (University of Liege) for providing invaluable technical assistance during the experimentation process, including greenhouse assays and transmission tests. Additionally, the we acknowledge his valuable guidance in designing the experiments, improving mechanical inoculation techniques, and sharing his expertise on plant viruses, characterization of new viral species, and rearing and capturing leafhoppers. We thank Catherine Wipf-Scheibel (INRAE), Nathalie Dubuis (Agroscope), and Elisabeth Demonty (CRA-W) for their important support in the laboratory analyses; Frederic Francis from the Entomology Department of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (University of Liege) for making space available in the insect rearing chambers of his laboratory and for letting CT independently manage leafhoppers\u2019 rearing; Nuria Fontdevila Pareta, Johan Rollin, Fran\u00E7ois Maclot, and Julien Ponchard (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULIEGE) for assisting in sample collection and weighing the fruits and to Naktuinbouw for sharing their information on detections in cucumber samples; Heiko Ziebell from Julius Kuhn Institute (JKI) for kindly providing the PhCMoV antibodies; and the growers who allowed us to access their properties and collect samples over multiple years, and multiple times, especially grower A, to whom we went multiple times to catch leafhoppers and to sample plants.Funding: Support was provided by the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (agreement 813542) and Federal Public Service, Public Health, Belgium (grant RT 18/3 SEVIPLANT 55).
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