Methods: observational; Planets and satellites: detection; Planets and satellites: general; Techniques: photometric; Contrast-ratio; Exo-planets; Light curves; Methods:observational; Multi-colors; Planets and satellites: detections; Property; Transit photometry; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science; astro-ph.EP
Abstract :
The TESS mission searches for transiting exoplanets by monitoring the brightness of hundreds of thousands of stars across the entire sky. M-type planet hosts are ideal targets for this mission due to their smaller size and cooler temperatures, which makes it easier to detect smaller planets near or within their habitable zones. Additionally, M dwarfs have a smaller contrast ratio between the planet and the star, making it easier to measure the planet's properties accurately. Here, we report the validation analysis of 13 TESS exoplanet candidates orbiting around M dwarfs. We studied the nature of these candidates through a multi-colour transit photometry transit analysis using several ground-based instruments (MuSCAT2, MuSCAT3, and LCO-SINISTRO), high-spatial resolution observations, and TESS light curves. We present the validation of five new planetary systems: TOI-1883b, TOI-2274b, TOI-2768b, TOI-4438b, and TOI-5319b, along with compelling evidence of a planetary nature for TOIs 2781b and 5486b. We also present an empirical definition for the Neptune desert boundaries. The remaining six systems could not be validated due to large true radius values overlapping with the brown dwarf regime or, alternatively, the presence of chromaticity in the MuSCAT2 light curves.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Peláez-Torres, A. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
Esparza-Borges, E. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Pallé, E.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Parviainen, H.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Murgas, F.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Morello, G. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain ; Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Zapatero-Osorio, M.R.; Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
Korth, J.; Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Narita, N. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
Fukui, A.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Carleo, I. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, Pino Torinese, Italy
Luque, R.; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
García, N. Abreu ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Boyle, A.; NASA, Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech, IPAC, Pasadena, United States
Béjar, V.J.S.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Calatayud-Borras, Y.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Cheryasov, D.V. ; Sternberg Astronomical Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Christiansen, J.L.; NASA, Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech, IPAC, Pasadena, United States
Ciardi, D.R.; NASA, Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech, IPAC, Pasadena, United States
Enoc, G.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Essack, Z. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States ; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Fukuda, I. ; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Furesz, G.; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Galán, D. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Geraldía-González, S.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Giacalone, S. ; Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
Gill, H.; Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
Gonzales, E.J.; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, United States
Hayashi, Y. ; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Ikuta, K.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Isogai, K.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Kagetani, T.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Kawai, Y.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Kawauchi, K.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
Klagyvik, P.; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Berlin, Germany
Kodama, T.
Kusakabe, N. ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Japan
Laza-Ramos, A.; Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad de Valencia (UV), Burjassot, Spain
De Leon, J.P.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Livingston, J.H. ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Japan ; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduated University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tokyo, Japan
Lund, M.B. ; NASA, Exoplanet Science Institute - Caltech, IPAC, Pasadena, United States
Madrigal-Aguado, A.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain
Meni, P. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain
Mori, M.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Torres, S. Muñoz ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Orell-Miquel, J.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Puig, M.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
Ricker, G.; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Sánchez-Benavente, M. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Savel, A.B.; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States
Schlieder, J.E.; Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States
Schwarz, R.P.; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Sefako, R.; South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
Sosa-Guillén, P. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Stangret, M. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Stockdale, C.; Hazelwood Observatory, Australia
Tamura, M. ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Japan
Terada, Y.
Twicken, J.D. ; SETI Institute, Mountain View, United States ; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States
Watanabe, N.; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Winn, J.; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
Zheltoukhov, S.G.; Sternberg Astronomical Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Ziegler, C.; Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, United States
Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos S\u00E1nchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial supports by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. Based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The data presented here were obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOT. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; DOI: 10.26134/ExoFOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www. cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Funding from University of La Laguna and the Spanish Ministry of Universities is acknowledged. HP acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC2021-031798-I. A.P.-T. acknowledges financial support from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. EP acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through project PID2021-125627OB-C32 This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439 and JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1761. E.E.-B. acknowledges financial support from the European Union and the State Agency of Investigation of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) under the grant PRE2020-093107 of the Pre-Doc Program for the Training of Doctors (FPI-SO) through FSE funds. J.K. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; DNR 2020-00104) and of the Swedish Research Council (VR: Etableringsbidrag 2017-04945) G.M. has received fundings from the Ariel Postdoctoral Fellowship program of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA), the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S and the Ram\u00F3n y Cajal grant RYC2022-037854-I funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+. M.S. acknowledge the support of the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) through the project 'The HOT-ATMOS Project: characterising the atmospheres of hot giant planets as a key to understand the exoplanet diversity' (1.05.01.85.04). This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K20376. This work is partly supported by Astrobiology Center SATELLITE Research project AB022006 This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K13955. D.V.C. and S.G.Z. acknowledge the support of Ministry of Science and Higher Educationof the Russian Federation under the grant 075-15-2020-780 (N13.1902.21.0039). R.L. acknowledges funding from University of La Laguna through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Universities ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26, and under the EU Next Generation funds. The data presented here were obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOT. M.R.Z.O. acknowledges financial support from project PID2019-109522GB-C51 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos S\u00E1nchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial supports by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. Based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The data presented here were obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOT. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; DOI: 10.26134/Exo-FOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Funding from University of La Laguna and the Spanish Ministry of Universities is acknowledged. HP acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC2021-031798-I. A.P.-T. acknowledges financial support from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. EP acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through project PID2021-125627OB-C32 This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439 and JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1761. E.E.-B. acknowledges financial support from the European Union and the State Agency of Investigation of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) under the grant PRE2020-093107 of the Pre-Doc Program for the Training of Doctors (FPI-SO) through FSE funds. J.K. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; DNR 2020-00104) and of the Swedish Research Council (VR: Etableringsbidrag 2017-04945) G.M. has received fundings from the Ariel Postdoctoral Fellowship program of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA), the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S and the Ram\u00F3n y Cajal grant RYC2022-037854-I funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+. M.S. acknowledge the support of the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) through the project \u2018The HOT-ATMOS Project: characterising the atmospheres of hot giant planets as a key to understand the exoplanet diversity\u2019 (1.05.01.85.04). This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K20376. This work is partly supported by Astrobiology Center SATELLITE Research project AB022006 This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K13955. D.V.C. and S.G.Z. acknowledge the support of Ministry of Science and Higher Educationof the Russian Federation under the grant 075-15-2020-780 (N13.1902.21.0039). R.L. acknowledges funding from University of La Laguna through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Universities ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26, and under the EU Next Generation funds. The data presented here were obtained in part with ALFOSC, which is provided by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) under a joint agreement with the University of Copenhagen and NOT. M.R.Z.O. acknowledges financial support from project PID2019-109522GB-C51 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
