planet-star interactions; planetary systems; planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual: BD+37 2118; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; Exo-planets; Neptune; Planet-star interactions; Planetary system; Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; Star: individual: BD+37 2118; Stars: individual: proxima Centauri; Stars:fundamental parameters; Techniques: photometric; Techniques: radial velocities; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
Context. Short-period giant planets (P≲ 10 days, Mp > 0.1 MJ) are frequently found to be solitary compared to other classes of exoplanets. Small inner companions to giant planets with P≲ 15 days are known only in five compact systems: WASP-47, Kepler-730, WASP-132, TOI-1130, and TOI-2000. Here, we report the confirmation of TOI-5398, the youngest known compact multi-planet system composed of a hot sub-Neptune (TOI-5398 c, Pc = 4.77271 days) orbiting interior to a short-period Saturn (TOI-5398 b, Pb = 10.590547 days) planet, both transiting around a 650 ± 150 Myr G-type star. Aims. As part of the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) Young Object project, we confirmed and characterised this compact system, measuring the radius and mass of both planets, thus constraining their bulk composition. Methods. Using multi-dimensional Gaussian processes, we simultaneously modelled stellar activity and planetary signals from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Sector 48 light curve and our High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS-N) radial velocity (RV) time series. We confirmed the planetary nature of both planets, TOI-5398 b and TOI-5398 c, and obtained a precise estimation of their stellar parameters. Results. Through the use of astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic observations, our findings indicate that TOI-5398 is a young, active G dwarf star (650 ± 150 Myr) with a rotational period of Prot = 7.34 days. The transit photometry and RV measurements enabled us to measure both the radius and mass of planets b, Rb = 10.30 ± 0.40 R, Mb = 58.7 ± 5.7 M, and c, Rc = 3.52 ± 0.19 R, Mc = 11.8 ± 4.8 M. TESS observed TOI-5398 during sector 48 and no further observations are planned in the current Extended Mission, making our ground-based light curves crucial for improvement of the ephemeris. With a transmission spectroscopy metric(TSM) value of around 300, TOI-5398 b is the most amenable warm giant (10 < P < 100 days) for JWST atmospheric characterisation.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Mantovan, G. ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Malavolta, L. ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Desidera, S. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Zingales, T. ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Borsato, L. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Piotto, G. ; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
Maggio, A. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Locci, D. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Polychroni, D. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Turrini, D. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
Baratella, M. ; Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Potsdam, Germany
Biazzo, K. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Roma, Italy
Nardiello, D. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Stassun, K. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States ; Department of Physics, Fisk University, Nashville, United States
Nascimbeni, V. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Benatti, S. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
John, A. Anna ; SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom ; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Watkins, C. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Bieryla, A. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
Lissauer, J.J. ; Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States
Twicken, J.D. ; SETI Institute, Mountain View, United States ; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States
Lanza, A.F. ; INAF –, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Oss. Astr. Catania, Catania, Italy
Winn, J.N. ; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
Messina, S. ; INAF –, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Oss. Astr. Catania, Catania, Italy
Montalto, M. ; INAF –, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Oss. Astr. Catania, Catania, Italy
Sozzetti, A. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
Boffin, H. ; ESO, Garching, Germany
Cheryasov, D. ; Sternberg Astronomical Institute Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Strakhov, I. ; Sternberg Astronomical Institute Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Murgas, F. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
D’Arpa, M. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Barkaoui, Khalid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Exoplanets in Transit: Identification and Characterization ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Benni, P. ; Acton Sky Portal (private observatory), Acton, United States
Bignamini, A. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Borsa, F. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
Cabona, L. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
Cameron, A.C. ; SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Claudi, R. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy ; Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
Cochran, W. ; McDonald Observatory, Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, The University of Texas, Austin, United States
Collins, K.A. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Damasso, M.; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy
Dong, J. ; Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, United States
Endl, M. ; McDonald Observatory, Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, The University of Texas, Austin, United States
Fukui, A.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Furész, G. ; Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Gandolfi, D. ; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
Ghedina, A.; Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF, Breña Baja, Spain
Jenkins, J.; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, United States
Kabáth, P. ; Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ondřejov, Czech Republic
Latham, D.W. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Lorenzi, V.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF, Breña Baja, Spain
Luque, R.; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
Maldonado, J. ; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
McLeod, K.; Department of Astronomy, Wellesley College, Wellesley, United States
Molinaro, M. ; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Narita, N. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
Nowak, G.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain ; Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Orell-Miquel, J. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Pallé, E. ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Parviainen, H.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
Pedani, M.; Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF, Breña Baja, Spain
Quinn, S.N. ; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Relles, H.; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Rowden, P.; Royal Astronomical Society, Burlington House, London, United Kingdom
Scandariato, G.; INAF –, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Oss. Astr. Catania, Catania, Italy
Schwarz, R.; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, United States
Seager, S.; Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States ; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, Cambridge, United States
Shporer, A. ; Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
Vanderburg, A. ; Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
Wilson, T.G. ; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
The GAPS programme at TNG XLIX. TOI-5398, the youngest compact multi-planet system composed of an inner sub-Neptune and an outer warm Saturn
Publication date :
2024
Journal title :
Astronomy and Astrophysics
ISSN :
0004-6361
eISSN :
1432-0746
Publisher :
EDP Sciences
Volume :
682
Pages :
A129
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
JSPS - Japan Society for the Promotion of Science F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique MICINN - Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
Funding text :
We are extremely grateful to the anonymous referee for their meticulous feedback, which undoubtedly improved the quality of this manuscript. Based on observations collected at Copernico 1.82 m telescope (Asiago Mount Ekar, Italy) INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular, the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sanchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This work has been supported by the PRIN-INAF 2019 “Planetary systems at young ages (PLATEA)”. This work is partly financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through grants PGC2018-098153-B-C31. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17H04574, JP18H01265, and JP18H05439, Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows Grant Number JP20J21872, JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR1775, and a University Research Support Grant from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; DOI: 10.26134/ExoFOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. K.A.C. and C.N.W. acknowledge support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT. T.Zi. acknowledges NVIDIA Academic Hardware Grant Program for the use of the Titan V GPU card. This work is partly supported by JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1761. The postdoctoral fellowship of K.B. is funded by F.R.S.-FNRS grant T.0109.20 and by the Francqui Foundation. D.V.C. and I.A.S. acknowledge the support of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development. R.L. acknowledges funding from University of La Laguna through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Universities ref. UNI/551/2021-May 26, and under the EU Next Generation funds. This work is partly supported by the CHEOPS ASI-INAF agreement n. 2019-29-HH.0. G.N. thanks for the research funding from the Ministry of Education and Science programme the “Excellence Initiative – Research University” conducted at the Centre of Excellence in Astrophysics and Astrochemistry of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercom-puting (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. A.M., D.L., D.T., and D.P. acknowledge partial financial support from the ARIEL ASI-INAF agreement n.2021-5-HH.0. A.M. also acknowledges “The HOT-ATMOS Project” (PRIN-INAF 2019). D.P. acknowledges the support from the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) and CINECA through the program "HPC-TRES (High Performance Computing Training and Research for Earth Sciences)" award number 2022–05. P.K. acknowledges the funding from a grant LTT-20015.
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