Development of High-Throughput Sample Preparation Procedures for the Quantitative Determination of Aflatoxins in Biological Matrices of Chickens and Cattle Using UHPLC-MS/MS.
De Baere, Siegrid; Ochieng, Phillis Emelda; Kemboi, David Cet al.
UHPLC-MS/MS; aflatoxins; biological matrices; cattle; chicken; food safety; residues; toxicokinetics; Aflatoxins; Bentonite; Clay; Aflatoxin M1; Aflatoxin B1; Animals; Cattle; Humans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods; Chickens; Aflatoxin M1/analysis; Aflatoxin B1/analysis; Food Contamination/prevention & control; Food Contamination/analysis; Aflatoxins/analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Contamination; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Toxicology; Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Abstract :
[en] Aflatoxins (AFs) frequently contaminate food and animal feeds, especially in (sub) tropical countries. If animals consume contaminated feeds, AFs (mainly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2) and their major metabolites aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and M2 (AFM2)) can be transferred to edible tissues and products, such as eggs, liver and muscle tissue and milk, which ultimately can reach the human food chain. Currently, the European Union has established a maximum level for AFM1 in milk (0.05 µg kg-1). Dietary adsorbents, such as bentonite clay, have been used to reduce AFs exposure in animal husbandry and carry over to edible tissues and products. To investigate the efficacy of adding bentonite clay to animal diets in reducing the concentration of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, and the metabolites AFM1 and AFM2 in animal-derived foods (chicken muscle and liver, eggs, and cattle milk), chicken and cattle plasma and cattle ruminal fluid, a sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed. High-throughput sample preparation procedures were optimized, allowing the analysis of 96 samples per analytical batch and consisted of a liquid extraction using 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, followed by a further clean-up using QuEChERS (muscle tissue), QuEChERS in combination with Oasis® Ostro (liver tissue), Oasis® Ostro (egg, plasma), and Oasis® PRiME HLB (milk, ruminal fluid). The different procedures were validated in accordance with European guidelines. As a proof-of-concept, the final methods were used to successfully determine AFs concentrations in chicken and cattle samples collected during feeding trials for efficacy and safety evaluation of mycotoxin detoxifiers to protect against AFs as well as their carry-over to animal products.
Disciplines :
Food science
Author, co-author :
De Baere, Siegrid ; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Ochieng, Phillis Emelda ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) ; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Kemboi, David C; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium ; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi 00100, Kenya ; Department of Animal Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka 00625, Kenya
Scippo, Marie-Louise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences des denrées alimentaires (DDA) > Analyse des denrées alimentaires
Okoth, Sheila ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Lindahl, Johanna F ; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya ; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Gathumbi, James K; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Antonissen, Gunther ; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium ; Chair Poultry Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Croubels, Siska ; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Development of High-Throughput Sample Preparation Procedures for the Quantitative Determination of Aflatoxins in Biological Matrices of Chickens and Cattle Using UHPLC-MS/MS.
This research was conducted within the ERA-NET LEAP-Agri MycoSafe-South project (Leap-Agri-483) co-funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (NFSR), Research Council of Norway (RCN), Kenyan Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST), South Africa’s National Research Foundation (NRF). The UHPLC-MS/MS instrument is part of the Ghent University MSsmall Expertise Centre for advanced mass spectrometry analysis of small organic molecules.
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