Châtelperronian and Uluzzian techno-complexes; Climate forcing and feedback; Last glacial period; Millenial-scale variability; Palaeotemperature proxies; Pollen assemblages; Western Europe climate; Chatelperronian; Chatelperronian and uluzzian techno-complex; Climate feedbacks; Climate forcings; Palaeotemperature proxy; Palaeotemperatures; Pollen assemblage; Western Europe; Western europe climate; Global and Planetary Change; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Archeology (arts and humanities); Archeology; Geology
Abstract :
[en] Western European climate during the Last Glacial period (50–20 ka BP) was shaped by complex interactions between oceanic and terrestrial conditions, modulated by both orbital and millennial-scale forcings. This study integrates 75 marine and terrestrial palaeoenvironmental records to reconstruct spatiotemporal climate variability across Europe and the Mediterranean region. Sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with strong cooling at high latitudes and relative SST stability at mid-latitudes on multi-millennial timescales, which likely moderated western European climate. Pollen-based vegetation records, in contrast, show a steep longitudinal trend, with intensified environmental shifts southeast of the Alps, where oceanic moderation was limited. On millennial timescales, Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and Heinrich stadials imprinted distinct signatures on SST and vegetation, especially near the Atlantic margin, linked to disruptions in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. These findings highlight the differentiated sensitivity of oceanic and terrestrial conditions to climate drivers and the climatic role of geographic barriers such as the Alps. The resulting spatial heterogeneity likely influenced human cultural trajectories, with stable long-term conditions but strong Heinrich stadial near the Atlantic coinciding with the emergence of the Châtelperronian industry, while more pronounced climatic long-term trend in southeastern Europe paralleled the development of the Uluzzian complex. This integrated palaeoenvironmental framework provides critical context for interpreting Late Pleistocene human adaptation and innovation in Europe.
Disciplines :
Archaeology Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Cartapanis, Olivier ; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, UMR7330, Aix-en-Provence, France
Bard, Edouard; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, UMR7330, Aix-en-Provence, France
Leroy, Suzanne A.G. ; Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, LAMPEA, UMR 7269, Aix-en-Provence, France ; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Chevalier, Manuel ; Institute of Geosciences, Sect. Meteorology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Flas, Damien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences historiques > Archéologie préhistorique ; Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, LAMPEA, UMR 7269, Aix-en-Provence, France
Devièse, Thibaut ; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, UMR7330, Aix-en-Provence, France
Language :
English
Title :
Regional climatic dynamics and cultural divergence in glacial western Europe
ANR - French National Research Agency European Union. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Funding text :
OC was supported by ANR NEHOS (PI: T. Devi\u00E8se, ANR-22-CE27-0016) and ANR MARCARA (PI: E. Bard, ANR-21-CE01-0023). The data collection benefited from a database developed within CYCLOCARB MSCA (PI: O. Cartapanis, MSCA No 897046). MC was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) as a Research for Sustainability initiative (FONA; https://www.fona.de/en ) through the PalMod Phase III project (grant no. 01LP2308B ). We are grateful to S. Badino, J. S. Carri\u00F3n, P. Stojakowits, C. Mayr, and S. Britzius who directly contributed their data. We thank Editor I. Hendy and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive feedback and insightful comments, which greatly improved the clarity and quality of this manuscript.
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