Detection of visible-wavelength aurora on Mars.

[en] Mars hosts various auroral processes despite the planet's tenuous atmosphere and lack of a global magnetic field. To date, all aurora observations have been at ultraviolet wavelengths from orbit. We describe the discovery of green visible-wavelength aurora, originating from the atomic oxygen line at 557.7 nanometers, detected with the SuperCam and Mastcam-Z instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. Near-real-time simulations of a Mars-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) provided sufficient lead-time to schedule an observation with the rover. The emission was observed 3 days after the CME eruption, suggesting that the aurora was induced by particles accelerated by the moving shock front. To our knowledge, detection of aurora from a planetary surface other than Earth has never been reported, nor has visible aurora been observed at Mars. This detection demonstrates that auroral forecasting at Mars is possible, and that during events with higher particle precipitation, or under less dusty atmospheric conditions, aurorae will be visible to future astronauts.

Research Center/Unit :

STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Knutsen, Elise W ; University of Oslo, CENSSS, Oslo, Norway

McConnochie, Timothy H ; Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA

Lemmon, Mark ; Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA

Donaldson, Chris ; Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA, USA

Francis, Raymond ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

Legett, Carey ; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA

Viet, Shayla B ; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Soret, Lauriane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP) ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)

Toledo, Daniel ; Instituto Nacional De Técnica Aerospacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain

Apéstigue, Victor ; Instituto Nacional De Técnica Aerospacial (INTA), Madrid, Spain

More authors (18 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Detection of visible-wavelength aurora on Mars.

Publication date :

16 May 2025

Journal title :

Science Advances

eISSN :

2375-2548

Publisher :

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), United States

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

eads1563

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.ads1563

Available on ORBi :

since 15 May 2025

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