Bryophytes; Checklist; Endemism; French Overseas Territories; Islands; Orchidaceae; Pteridophytes; Rubiaceae; Spermatophytes; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Ecology; Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract :
[en] A broad range of climatic and biogeographical conditions are represented in the French Overseas Territories, from sub-polar to equatorial, resulting in a high diversity of endemic species. We mobilized data from herbaria, floras, checklists, literature, the expertise of botanists and plant ecologists to compile the most complete dataset on endemic vascular plants and bryophytes in the 15 French Overseas Territories. To date, 3748 spermatophytes (seed plants), 244 pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) and 448 bryophytes are strictly endemic to the overseas territories. New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Réunion harbour the highest numbers of strictly endemic species, yet French Guiana and the French Antilles harbour high numbers of regional endemic species due to their proximity with other territories. The endemic flora of these territories is highly threatened. In particular, 51% of strictly endemic spermatophytes are threatened and many species at risk belong to Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae families. Around 82% and 69% of strict and regional endemic spermatophytes and pteridophytes are found in the Paris herbaria. Only 34% of endemic bryophytes have their label information fully databased so that their total number in Paris herbaria is not known. Databasing the remaining specimens in the collection will greatly enhance future research and conservation projects. To facilitate the use of the information we compiled, we provide a publicly searchable dataset of the checklist. This study not only provides a picture of the flora of French overseas territories; it also identifies gaps in knowledge on which future research efforts in systematics, ecology and conservation could focus.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Véron, Simon ; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Rodrigues-Vaz, Carlos; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Lebreton, Elise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Integrative Biological Sciences (InBioS) ; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Ah-Peng, Claudine; UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection Des Plantes, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
Boullet, Vincent; Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Saint-Leu, France ; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
Chevillotte, Hervé; Délégation à La Recherche, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
Gradstein, Stephan Robbert; Unité Mixte de Service Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), Paris, France
Jérémie, Joël; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Lavocat Bernard, Elisabeth; Corresponding member of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Goyave, France
Lebouvier, Marc; CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
Meyer, Jean-Yves; Délégation à La Recherche, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
Poncy, Odile; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Thouvenot, Louis; Corresponding member of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Perpignan, France
Viscardi, Guillaume; Conservatoire Botanique National de Martinique, Martinique, France
Léotard, Guillaume; Corresponding member of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Matoury, France
Gargominy, Olivier; Unité Mixte de Service Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), Paris, France
Leblond, Sébastien; Unité Mixte de Service Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), Paris, France
Pignal, Marc; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Rouhan, Germinal; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Tercerie, Sandrine; Unité Mixte de Service Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), Paris, France
Invernon, Vanessa; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Muller, Serge; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
OFB - Office Français de la Biodiversité MNHN - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle MOM - Ministère des Outre-mer
Funding text :
We thank the Office Fran\u00E7ais de la Biodiversit\u00E9 (French Agency of Biodiversity) and the Minist\u00E8re des Outre-mer (French Ministry of Overseas Territories) for funding and supporting this project. Claudine Ah-Peng is grateful for financial support from DEAL R\u00E9union (agreement n\u00B02020-264) to increase knowledge on the endemic bryophytes of R\u00E9union. We are grateful to RECOLNAT national Research Infrastructure (ANR-11-INBS-0004) and especially all contributors to the \u201CHerbonautes \u201D citizen science program for databasing more than 12,000 Paris herbarium specimens. V\u00E9ronique Sch\u00E4fer has had an important contribution to the success of this program. We thank all contributors to regional checklists and all the specialists that helped to validate many taxa, especially Fr\u00E9d\u00E9ric Achille (MNHN), Jean-Fran\u00E7ois Butaud, Abassi Dimassi (CBNM), Jacques Florence (MNHN), Michel Hoff (Universit\u00E9 Strasbourg), Louise Gu\u00E9rot (MNHN), Lilian Procopio (Gwada botanica), Thierry Pailler (Universit\u00E9 R\u00E9union), Arthur Bernard (MNHN). Constructive peer reviews of two anonymous reviewers contributed to improve the manuscript.The research was supported by the Office Fran\u00E7ais de la Biodiversit\u00E9 (OFB), the Minist\u00E8re des Outre-mer and the Mus\u00E9um national d\u2019Histoire naturelle (MNHN).
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