Physicochemical, Rheology, and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques for the Characterization of Artisanal and Industrial Maroilles Cheeses.

The investigation of the central and external zones of ten industrial and artisanal Maroilles cheeses showed differences in their physicochemical parameters, namely fat, pH, moisture content, ash, and color. This difference significantly impacted the rheological properties of the investigated cheeses, which depended on the protein network englobing lipid and water and its interaction with the other components. Overall, Maroilles cheeses had an elastic-like behavior, with the central zones exhibiting the greatest viscoelastic modules (G' and G″). The mid-infrared (MIR) spectra highlighted the presence of lipids, proteins, and sugars. A significant difference in α-helix and β-sheet levels in the central zones was noted between artisanal and industrial Maroilles cheeses. It is suggested that the difference between artisanal and industrial Maroilles cheeses observed at the macroscopic level, due to the cheese-making procedure and ripening stage, affects the structure at the molecular level, which can be determined by MIR spectroscopy. This trend was confirmed by the FDA when applied to the MIR spectra, since 96.67% correct classification was noted between artisanal and industrial cheeses. The present study indicates that MIR spectroscopy can be used successfully to study Maroilles cheese samples belonging to different production chains.