Effect of processing on herbicide residues and metabolite formation during traditional Chinese tofu production

Metabolite; Pesticide residue; Processing factors; Tofu processing; UPLC-MS/MS; Filtration; Grinding (machining); Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Physicochemical properties; Solubility; Herbicide residues; Octanol-water partition coefficient; Overall process; Processing steps; Ultra performance liquid chromatography; Water solubilities; Pesticides

Abstract :

[en] The fates of clomazone, fomesafen, and quizalofop-p-ethyl and its metabolite quizalofop (acid) in soybean samples during tofu processing were systematically assessed. Residues were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) after each processing step, including washing, soaking, grinding and filtering, cooking, coagulating, and squeezing. The pesticide distribution at each step of the process was studied, and pesticide processing factors were calculated. Differences in the pesticide residue levels were found at each processing step. Changes in pesticide residues in the tofu products was closely related to their physicochemical properties such as octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), water solubility, and vapor pressure. The results showed that soaking prominently decreased fomesafen residues by 72.0%, as indicated by its high water-solubility and low log Kow. Grinding and filtering reduced pesticide residues by 88.8%–94.8%, mainly due to dilution or okara separation. The processing factors were generally <1 for each step and for the entire process, except those for cooking, coagulating, and squeezing. These results demonstrated that the overall process could significantly reduce clomazone, fomesafen, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop (acid) residues during tofu processing. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Disciplines :

Entomology & pest control

Author, co-author :

Zhang, Jia; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

Li, Min-Min; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China ; Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium

Zhang, Rui; Institute of Food and Processing, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China

Jin, Nuo; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

Quan, Rui; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

Chen, De-Yong; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

Francis, Frédéric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs

Wang, Feng-Zhong; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

Kong, Zhi-Qiang; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China ; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

Fan, Bei; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China

Language :

English

Title :

Effect of processing on herbicide residues and metabolite formation during traditional Chinese tofu production

Publication date :

02 June 2020

Journal title :

LWT - Food Science and Technology

ISSN :

0023-6438

eISSN :

1096-1127

Publisher :

Academic Press

Volume :

131

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funders :

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China. National Key Research and Development Program
NSCF - National Natural Science Foundation of China
ULiège - University of Liège

Funding number :

2017YFC1600600; 31401580; 31671942; MOE11-BE1A20131371N

Funding text :

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1600600); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401580 and 31671942); the China Scholarship Council; and the research platform, Agriculture Is Life of the University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (MOE11- BE1A20131371N).

Available on ORBi :

since 17 February 2025

Statistics

Number of views

2 (0 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

1 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Abou-Arab, A.A.K., Effect of ras cheese manufacturing on the stability of ddt and its metabolites. Food Chemistry 59:1 (1997), 115–119.
Abou-Arab, A.A.K., Behavior of pesticides in tomatoes during commercial and home preparation. Food Chemistry 65 (1999), 509–514.
Aksoy, Ö., Deveci, A., kızılırmak, S., Akdeniz, G.A., Phytotoxic effect of quizalofop-P-ethyl on soybean (Glycine max L.). Journal of Biological and Environmental Science 7 (2013), 49–55.
Amvrazi, E.G., Albanis, T.A., Multiclass pesticide determination in olives and their processing factors in olive oil: Comparison of different olive oil extraction systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:14 (2008), 5700–5709.
BfR, BfR data compilation on processing factors BfR Communication No 032/2018. 2, 2018 https://mobil.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/bfr-data-compilation-on-processing-factors.pdf.
Dan, L.I., Liantao, W., Dian, W., Hua, T., Ping, H.U., Standardization of soft tofu process. Soybean Science, 2017, 116–123.
Dong, X., Wang, L., Feng, R., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Insights into the binding mechanism of a model protein with fomesafen: Spectroscopic studies,thermodynamics and molecular modeling exploration. Journal of Molecular Structure 1195 (2019), 892–903.
Duan, J., Cheng, Z., Bi, J., Xu, Y., Residue behavior of organochlorine pesticides during the production process of yogurt and cheese. Food Chemistry 245 (2017), 119–124.
EFSA, Review of the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for clomazone according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. EFSA Journal, 9(8), 2011, 2345.
FAO, WHO, Updating the principles and methods of risk assessment: MRLs for pesticides and veterinary drugs. 2006, FAO, Rome.
González-Rodríguez, R.M., Rial-Otero, R., Cancho-Grande, B., Gonzalez-Barreiro, C., Simal-Gándara, J., A review on the fate of pesticides during the processes within the food-production chain. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 51:2 (2011), 99–114.
Han, Y., Huang, B., Liu, S., Zou, N., Yang, J., Zhong, Z., et al. Residue levels of five grain-storage-use insecticides during the production process of sorghum distilled spirits. Food Chemistry 206 (2016), 12–17.
Han, Y., Xu, J., Dong, F., Li, W., Liu, X., Li, Y., et al. The fate of spirotetramat and its metabolite spirotetramat-enol in apple samples during apple cider processing. Food Control 34:2 (2013), 283–290.
Holland, P.T., Hamilton, D., Ohlin, B., Skidmore, M., Pesticides report 31: Effects of storage and processing on pesticide residues in plant products (technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 66:2 (1994), 335–356.
Huan, Z., Xu, Z., Jiang, W., Chen, Z., Luo, J., Effect of Chinese traditional cooking on eight pesticides residue during cowpea processing. Food Chemistry 170 (2015), 118–122.
Kaushik, G., Satya, S., Naik, S., Food processing a tool to pesticide residue dissipation–A review. Food Research International 42:1 (2009), 26–40.
Keikotlhaile, B.M., Spanoghe, P., Steurbaut, W., Effects of food processing on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: A meta-analysis approach. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48:1 (2010), 1–6.
Kong, Z., Dong, F., Xu, J., Liu, X., Li, J., Li, Y., et al. Degradation of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in rice during processing and storage. Food Control 23:1 (2012), 149–153.
Krijt, J., Pšenák, O., Vokurka, M., Chlumská, A., Fakan, F., Experimental hepatic uroporphyria induced by the diphenyl-ether herbicide fomesafen in male DBA/2 mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 189:1 (2003), 28–38.
Kyongjin, P., Jiye, H., Simultaneous analysis and dietary exposure risk assessment of fomesafen, clomazone, clethodim and its two metabolites in soybean ecosystem. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 2020, 1951, 10.3390/ijerph17061951.
Liang, Y., Wang, P., Liu, D., Shen, Z., Liu, H., Jia, Z., et al. Enantioselective metabolism of quizalofop-ethyl in rat. PloS One, 9(6), 2014, e101052.
Lim, B.T., DeMan, J., DeMan, L., Yield and quality of tofu made form soybeans and soy/peanut blends. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 67:6 (1990), 381–387.
Martin, L., Mezcua, M., Ferrer, C., Malato, O., Fernandez-Alba, A.R., Garcia, G., Prediction of the processing factor for pesticides in apple juice by principal component analysis and multiple linear regression. Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 30:3 (2013), 466–476.
Miyahara, M., Saito, Y., Effects of the processing steps in tofu production on pesticide residues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42:2 (1994), 369–373.
Nikolić, Z., Petrović, G., Panković, D., Ignjatov, M., Marinković, D., Stojanović, M., et al. Threshold level and traceability of roundup ready soybeans in tofu production. Food Technology and Biotechnology 55:4 (2017), 439–444.
OECD, OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals. Magnitude of the pesticide residues in processed commodities, No. 508, 2008.
Pizzutti, I.R., de Kok, A., Zanella, R., Adaime, M.B., Hiemstra, M., Wickert, C., et al. Method validation for the analysis of 169 pesticides in soya grain, without clean up, by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using positive and negative electrospray ionization. Journal of Chromatography A 1142:2 (2007), 123–136.
Santi, A., Menezes, C., Duarte, M., Leitemperger, J., Lópes, T., Loro, V., Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro). Interdisciplinary Toxicology 4:3 (2011), 149–153.
Sikkema, P.H., Shropshire, C., Soltani, N., Response of dry bean to pre-plant incorporated and pre-emergence applications of S-metolachlor and fomesafen. Crop Protection 28:9 (2009), 744–748.
Springer, V.H., Aprile, F., Lista, A.G., Determination of sulfonylureas in cereal samples with electrophoretic method using ionic liquid with dispersed carbon nanotubes as electrophoretic buffer. Food Chemistry 143 (2014), 348–353.
Timme, G., Walz-Tylla, B., Effects of food preparation and processing on pesticide residues in commodities of plant origin. Pesticide residues in food and drinking water: Human exposure and risks, 2003, 121–148.
Zhao, L., Ge, J., Liu, F., Jiang, N., Effects of storage and processing on residue levels of chlorpyrifos in soybeans. Food Chemistry 150 (2014), 182–186.
Zhao, L., Liu, F., Wu, L., Xue, X., Hou, F., Fate of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in jujube samples during jujube wine and vinegar processing. Food Control 73 (2016), 468–473.
Zhu, L.Z., Qi, S.Z., Cao, F.J., Mu, X.Y., Yang, Y., Wang, C., Quizalofop-P-ethyl exposure increases estrogen axis activity in male and slightly decreases estrogen axis activity in female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 183 (2016), 76–84.