Amazon-Andes; biodiversity magnitude; canopy; eukaryotes; Johansson zones; microclimate; taxonomy; terrestrial laser scanning; Forestry; Global and Planetary Change; Ecology; Environmental Science (miscellaneous); Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract :
[en] Large tropical trees are rightly perceived as supporting a plethora of organisms. However, baseline data about the variety of taxa coexisting on single large tropical trees are lacking and prevent a full understanding of both the magnitude of biodiversity and the complexity of interactions among organisms in tropical rainforests. The two main aims of the research program “Life on Trees” (LOT) are (1) to establish baseline knowledge on the number of eukaryote species supported/hosted by the above-ground part of a single tropical tree and (2) to understand how these communities of organisms are assembled and distributed on or inside the tree. To achieve the first goal, we integrated a set of 36 methods for comprehensively sampling eukaryotes (plants, fungi, animals, protists) present on a tropical tree. The resulting LOT protocol was conceived and implemented during projects in the Andean Amazon region and is proposed here as a guideline for future projects of a similar nature. To address the second objective, we evaluated the microclimatic differences between tree zones and tested state-of-the-art terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and positioning technologies incorporating satellite and fixed base station signals (dGNSS). A marked variation in temperature and relative humidity was detected along a 6-zones Johansson scheme, a tree structure subdivision system commonly used to study the stratification of epiphytic plants. Samples were collected from these six zones, including three along the trunk and three in the canopy. To better understand how different tree components (e.g., bark, leaves, fruits, flowers, dead wood) contribute to overall tree biodiversity, we categorized observations into communities based on Johansson zones and microhabitats. TLS was an essential aid in understanding the complex tree architecture. By contrast, the accuracy of positioning samples in the tree with dGNSS was low. Comprehensively sampling the biota of individual trees offers an alternative to assessing the biodiversity of fewer groups of organisms at the forest scale. Large old tropical trees provide a wealth of microhabitats that encompass a wide range of ecological conditions, thereby capturing a broad spectrum of biodiversity.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Leponce, Maurice; Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium ; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Basset, Yves; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
Aristizábal-Botero, Ángela; Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
Baïben, Noui; Accès Cimes, Lyon, France
Barbut, Jérôme; Direction Générale Déléguée Aux Collections, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Buyck, Bart; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE-PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Butterill, Philip; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Calders, Kim; Q-ForestLab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Cárdenas, Glenda; Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Carrias, Jean-François; Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), CNRS, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Catchpole, Damien; Independent Biodiversity Consultant, Lima, Peru
D’hont, Barbara; Q-ForestLab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Delabie, Jacques; Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau – CEPEC/CEPLAC, Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil ; Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
Drescher, Jochen; J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Ertz, Damien; Department Research, Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium ; Service Général de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Heughebaert, André; Belgian Biodiversity Platform, Belgian Science Policy, Brussels, Belgium
Leroy, Céline; AMAP (Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD), Montpellier, France ; EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
Melki, Frédéric; Fonds de Dotation Biotope Pour La Nature, Remire Montjoly, French Guiana
Michaux, Johan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Integrative Biological Sciences (InBioS)
Neita-Moreno, Jhon César; Invertebrate and Entomology Collection, Collections, and Species Management Center, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
Poirier, Eddy; Independent Entomologist, Cayenne, French Guiana
Rougerie, Rodolphe; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE-PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Rouhan, Germinal; Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE-PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
Rufray, Vincent; Fondation Biotope, Remire Montjoly, French Guiana
Scheu, Stefan; J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ; Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Schmidl, Jürgen; Department of Biology, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Vanderpoorten, Alain ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie de l'évolution et de la conservation - Unité aCREA-Ulg (Conseils et Recherches en Ecologie Appliquée)
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