Phase Reconfiguration for Power Distribution Networks with High DERs Penetration

Power distribution networks are designed to operate as balanced three-phase systems, but achieving and maintaining network balance is challenging, particularly with the increasing adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic panels (PVs), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs). Phase unbalance introduces inefficiencies into the network, including increased energy losses and difficulties in maintaining voltage levels within acceptable limits. This paper proposes a computationally efficient methodology to optimize customer phase configurations in networks with high DER penetration. The approach focuses only on load unbalance, eliminating the need for power flow outputs and extensive smart meter (SM) installations across the network, typically required for voltage and current values. The methodology is validated using a real-world Belgian distribution network featuring high DER penetration. Results show improvements with a 46% reduction in load unbalance, improved voltage profiles, and a 12% decrease in line losses.