Assessment; Craving; Elaborated intrusion theory of desire; Gambling; Measure; Urge; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Gambling/psychology; Humans; Imagination; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; Thinking; Medicine (miscellaneous); Clinical Psychology; Toxicology; Psychiatry and Mental Health
Abstract :
[en] Both research and clinical practice acknowledge the importance of craving as a maintenance and relapse factor in gambling disorder. The elaborated intrusion theory (EIT; Kavanagh et al., 2005) of desire has been extensively investigated in relation to psychoactive substance or food cravings but, to date, has scarcely been studied in relation to gambling. In such a context, developing an assessment tool of gambling craving based on the EIT is warranted. To fill this gap in the literature, we aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a gambling-adapted version of the Craving Experience Questionnaire (CEQ; May et al., 2014), which is the best established measure of craving theoretically anchored in the EIT. An online survey that included the gambling CEQ (g-CEQ) and a craving induction procedure was administered to 274 community participants involved in gambling at least a few times a year. Concurrent and convergent validity were explored through correlations with a scale that measured gambling urge and with a series of questionnaires that measured disordered gambling symptoms, gambling cognitions, and gambling motives. The confirmatory factor analyses supported the validity of the expected three-factor model of the "strength" and "frequency" forms of the g-CEQ and showed better model fit than a one-factor solution, corroborating the initial structure of the CEQ. Furthermore, the scale has good internal consistency and its validity is supported by correlations with gambling-related constructs. The g-CEQ is thus a theoretically and psychometrically sound instrument to measure gambling craving based on the EIT.
Cornil, Aurélien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Psychologie clinique de l'adulte ; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Electronic address: aurelien.cornil@uclouvain.be
Long, Jiang; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
Rothen, Stéphane; Addictology Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Perales, José C ; Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
de Timary, Philippe; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Saint Luc, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
Billieux, Joël; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Centre for Excessive Gambling, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Switzerland
Language :
English
Title :
The gambling craving experience questionnaire: Psychometric properties of a new scale based on the elaborated intrusion theory of desire.
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