A circularity evaluation framework for newly constructed office building design

The concept of circularity is gaining traction in the construction sector. The evaluation of building circularity potential remains inconsistent due to the lack of standardized Building Circularity Indicators BCIs. Existing BCI methodologies vary significantly in their definitions, scopes, Key Performance Indicators KPIs, and technical approaches, leading to limited continuity and hindering progress toward standardization. This Ph.D. thesis addresses these gaps by proposing a comprehensive and innovative Building Circularity Evaluation Framework BCEF. The BCEF integrates key advancements in the field, incorporating the most critical KPIs identified through an extensive literature review. BCEF was developed from a life cycle perspective; the framework tracks material flows from their origins to disposal or waste processing, ensuring a holistic evaluation. This framework complements established sustainability tools, such as Life Cycle Impact Assessment LCIA, by integrating an expert system to assess disassembly potential. The BCEF was validated through three case studies. Analysis of the three case studies revealed that resource-intensive construction processes and extended service life significantly influence circularity performance. Based on the findings, recommendations for enhancing building circularity are provided. Methodologically, the results demonstrate that the BCEF is a multi-indicator framework capable of evaluating building circularity at the whole-building level. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to enhance the validity, reliability, and applicability of the findings. The BCEF’s practical applications make it a valuable framework for contractors, consultants, and policymakers to assess circularity in early project stages. It also offers a foundation for researchers to further refine and standardize BCIs.