black lion tamarin; cortisol; diet; energetics; fecal glucocorticoid metabolites; physiological stress; Glucocorticoids; Animals; Primates; Animals, Wild; Ecosystem; Glucocorticoids/analysis; Leontopithecus; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract :
[en] Identifying the factors swaying physiological stress levels in wild animals can help depict how they cope with environmental and social stressors, shedding light on their feeding ecology, behavioral plasticity, and adaptability. Here, we used noninvasive methods to explore the link between glucocorticoid levels and behavior in an endangered neotropical primate facing habitat fragmentation pressure, the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). We investigated monthly and day-to-day glucocorticoid variations independently to attempt to disentangle the complex nature of the adrenocortical activity. Between May 2019 to March 2020, we followed two groups of black lion tamarins in two different areas, a continuous forest and a small fragment, and gathered behavioral data (over 95 days in total; 8.6 ± 3.9 days/month) and fecal samples (Nsamples = 468; 4.93 ± 3.5 samples/day) simultaneously. Preliminary analyses enabled us to identify circadian variations linked to the biological rhythm, which were taken into account in subsequent models. Monthly analyses revealed that black lion tamarin fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels vary according to changes in activity budget associated with the fruit consumption, movement, and resting time of the groups. At a day-to-day level, while intergroup encounters led to increases in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations, we found that changes in food intake or activity level did not trigger physiological stress responses. These findings suggest that diet and ranging patterns, driven by food availability and distribution, influence physiological stress at a seasonal scale, while acute stressors such as interspecific competition trigger short-term stress responses. Exploring fecal glucocorticoid metabolite variations over different timescales can help uncover the predictive and reactive facets of physiological stress in wild species. Moreover, having a comprehensive understanding of the physiological state of species is a valuable conservation tool for evaluating how they cope in changing environments.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology Zoology
Author, co-author :
Kaisin, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Sphères ; Laboratório de Primatologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil ; Departamento de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Evolução e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
Bufalo, Felipe; Laboratório de Primatologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil ; Departamento de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Evolução e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
Amaral, Rodrigo; Laboratório de Primatologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil ; Departamento de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
Palme, Rupert; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
Poncin, Pascal ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Brotcorne, Fany ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Culot, Laurence ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale ; Laboratório de Primatologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
Language :
English
Title :
Linking glucocorticoid variations to monthly and daily behavior in a wild endangered neotropical primate.
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Funding text :
This study was carried out thanks to the financial support of the University of Liège, the National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS‐ FNRS), the Erasmus + Program of the European Commission, and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP; Young Investigator grant given to LC (#2014/14739‐0 and #2021/06668‐0)). OK received a fellowship from the FRS‐FNRS, RGA from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), FB from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq: 443489/2020‐3), and LC receives a Research Productivity Fellowship from CNPq (#314964/2021‐5). We thank Sabine Macho‐Maschler and Edith Klobetz‐Rassam for their help with fGM analysis. We also thank Alain Hambuckers for his help with the statistical analysis.
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