Network for the detection of atmospheric composition change (NDACC); FTIR remote sensing; Montreal Protocol; atmospheric composition and trends
Abstract :
[en] HCFC-22 is an ozone-depleting substance with a greenhouse effect. The atmospheric mole fractions of HCFC-22 have been increasing since the 1950s. Within the NDACC-IRWG network, HCFC-22 mol fractions can be retrieved from solar absorption spectra measured by ground-based FTIR. However, only a few sites have provided HCFC-22 data sets. Here, we demonstrate a harmonized FTIR HCFC-22 retrieval strategy and generate a new global NDACC-IRWG HCFC-22 data set at 16 FTIR sites. The systematic and random uncertainties are 5.3%-8.7% and 3.2%-8.0%, respectively. A maximum HCFC-22 column annual growth rate was observed in 2009 with a mean of 7.65 ± 1.39 ppt/year, and the HCFC-22 annual growth rate decreased to 3.57 ± 1.39 ppt/year (2016-2020) and 2.15 ± 2.09 ppt/year (2021-2023). The annual growth rates derived from the FTIR measurements are compared to the ones derived from NOAA surface flask samplings and ACE-FTS satellite measurements, and the three independent data sets show a good agreement. Plain Language Summary Monitoring the atmospheric HCFC-22 mol fraction and its long-term trend is important to the stratospheric ozone layer and climate change. Ground-based FTIR measurements within the NDACC-IWRG community provide a powerful technique for observing atmospheric trace gases. However, due to different retrieval software and procedures among the sites, the record was too heterogeneous for monitoring the global evolution of HCFC-22 over time. In this study, we propose a harmonized FTIR HCFC-22 retrieval strategy and generate a global NDACC-IRWG HCFC-22 data set at 16 FTIR sites. The retrieval uncertainty of the FTIR HCFC-22 is well presented and discussed. Based on the new FTIR HCFC-22 measurements, the HCFC-22 annual growth rates between 1990 and 2023 are evaluated. The results are compared with two independent data sets: NOAA flask samplings and ACE-FTS satellite measurements. Good agreement among the three data sets is found, with a clear decrease in the growth rate of atmospheric HCFC-22 in recent years. According to the latest Montreal Protocol, HCFC-22 should be phased out within the next 5-6 years. The global FTIR observations will assure continuity into the next years and decades when HCFC-22 mol fractions should start decreasing after the official phase-out.
Research Center/Unit :
SPHERES - ULiège
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Zhou, Minqiang; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Langerock, Bavo; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Vigouroux, Corinne; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Smale, Dan; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder
Toon, Geoff; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
Polyakov, Alexander; Department of Atmospheric Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Sankt-Peterburg, Russia
Hannigan, James; Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
Mellqvist, Johan; Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Robinson, John; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder
Notholt, Justus; Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Strong, Kimberly; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Mahieu, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe infra-rouge de physique atmosphérique et solaire (GIRPAS)
Palm, Mathias; Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Prignon, Maxime; Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Jones, Nicolas; Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
García, Omaira; State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMet), Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre (IARC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Morino, Isamu; Satellite Remote Sensing Section and Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Murata, Isao; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Ortega, Ivan; Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
Nagahama, Tomoo; Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Wizenberg, Tyler; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Flood, Victoria; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Walker, Kaley; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
De Mazière, Martine; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
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