Article (Scientific journals)
Anthropogenic Effects on Green Infrastructure Spatial Patterns in Kisangani City and Its Urban–Rural Gradient
Bwazani Balandi, Julien; To Hulu, Jean-Pierre Pitchou Meniko; Sambieni, Kouagou Raoul et al.
2024In Land, 13 (11), p. 1794
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Keywords :
Urbanization gradient; green infrastructure; spatial pattern; Kisangani
Abstract :
[en] Urban and peri-urban expansion significantly influences the spatial pattern of cities and surrounding zones. This study examines the spatial changes in green infrastructure components, specifically focusing on mature forests, short forests, and agricultural and grass lands from 1986 to 2021, using satellite imagery. Two landscape ecology indexes, the percentage of landscape (PLAND), and the largest patch index (LPI), were applied. PLAND provides insights into the proportion of habitat types, capturing overall extent, while LPI elucidates their spatial configuration. The research is conducted in a specific context of increasing urbanization and peri-urbanization in Kisangani city, DR Congo. The findings reveal a decline in both mature and short forests, respectively, from 1986 to 2021, and from 2006 to 2021 alongside a continuous expansion of agricultural and grass lands at the landscape scale. Moreover, the spatial pattern of mature and short forests exhibited significant variations across urban, peri-urban, and rural zones. In the context of 2021, in urban and peri-urban zones, mature forests account for less than 1% of the 2.25 km2 plots, against more than 35% in certain rural plots. Similarly, larger patches of mature forest in urban and peri-urban zones cover less than 0.5% of the 2.25 km2 plots, whereas they exceed 20% in rural zones. From 1986 to 2021, both mature and short forests experienced significant decline and fragmentation, particularly in urban and peri-urban zones, while agricultural and grass lands increased significantly in peri-urban and rural zones. These results raise concerns regarding the functions, services, and opportunities provided by mature and short forests in the context of global change. They also highlight the need for urban planning in Kisangani to prioritize green infrastructure preservation, focusing on maintaining forest connectivity and preventing further fragmentation. Policies should promote sustainable land use in peri-urban zones to achieve a balance between urban expansion and the provision of essential ecosystem services, thereby enhancing long-term resilience.
Research Center/Unit :
TERRA Research Centre. Biodiversité et Paysage - ULiège
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Bwazani Balandi, Julien  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre ; Ecole Régionale Postuniversitaire d’Aménagement et de Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux, Kinshasa P.O. Box 15373, Democratic Republic of the Congo
To Hulu, Jean-Pierre Pitchou Meniko;  Institut Facultaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Yangambi, Kisangani P.O. Box 1232, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sambieni, Kouagou Raoul  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité, Ecosystème et Paysage (BEP) ; Ecole Régionale Postuniversitaire d’Aménagement et de Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux, Kinshasa P.O. Box 15373, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sikuzani, Yannick Useni ;  Unité Ecologie, Restauration Ecologique et Paysage, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi P.O. Box 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Bastin, Jean-François  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Biodiversité, Ecosystème et Paysage (BEP)
Musavandalo, Charles Mumbere ;  Ecole Régionale Postuniversitaire d’Aménagement et de Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux, Kinshasa P.O. Box 15373, Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Unité Biodiversité et Paysage, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Nguba, Timothée Besisa ;  Ecole Régionale Postuniversitaire d’Aménagement et de Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux, Kinshasa P.O. Box 15373, Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Unité Biodiversité et Paysage, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Jesuka, Roselande ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre
Sodalo, Carlo  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre ; Ecole Régionale Postuniversitaire d’Aménagement et de Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux, Kinshasa P.O. Box 15373, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Pika, Léa Mukubu;  Unité Biodiversité et Paysage, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Bogaert, Jan  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité, Ecosystème et Paysage (BEP)
Language :
English
Title :
Anthropogenic Effects on Green Infrastructure Spatial Patterns in Kisangani City and Its Urban–Rural Gradient
Alternative titles :
[fr] Effets anthropiques sur la structure spatiale de l'infrastructure verte dans la ville de Kisangani et son gradient urbain-rural
Original title :
[en] Anthropogenic Effects on Green Infrastructure Spatial Patterns in Kisangani City and Its Urban–Rural Gradient
Publication date :
31 October 2024
Journal title :
Land
eISSN :
2073-445X
Publisher :
MDPI
Volume :
13
Issue :
11
Pages :
1794
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Development Goals :
11. Sustainable cities and communities
Funders :
EU - European Union
Funding number :
N41928
Funding text :
This research was supported by the ERAIFT-AGRINATURA consortium, funded through the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI) N°41928 of the European Union. The authors express their gratitude to the European Union and the ERAIFT-AGRINATURA consortium for their financial support.
Available on ORBi :
since 02 November 2024

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