Agricultural experts; Awareness; Ethics; Food security; Knowledge; Passive defense; Geography, Planning and Development; Economics and Econometrics; Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract :
[en] Globally, agriculture is regarded as the pivot of independence and economic development. Threats to Iranian agriculture are serious and their management calls for the application of passive defense principles. The lack of structural mechanisms, poor knowledge, and poor skills in human resources are the main obstacles to the deployment of passive defense in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of agricultural experts about effective passive defense management planning and moving towards its ethical institutionalization in Iran. The research methodology was based on a quantitative approach using a questionnaire-based survey. The final participants were selected using a proportional random sampling method, and finally, 97 males and 44 females were surveyed. The results indicated that the knowledge of the participants regarding the passive defense in agriculture was less than moderate (3.64 out of 10), showing its non-optimal condition. In addition, educational level and field of study brought about significant (p < 0.05) differences in knowledge of passive defense in the agricultural sector. However, the type of employment did not make a significant difference in the knowledge of passive defense in the agricultural sector. As a result, passive defense should be understood as a dynamic concept that needs moral institutionalization to face new agricultural challenges. This research has the potential to develop a passive defense framework by stimulating ethical concerns in the context of food security. It can also bring new insights to policymakers, planners, and agricultural experts in Iran and worldwide on the successful planning and institutionalization of passive defense management based on ethical principles.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Hajimirrahimi, Seyed Davood; Imam Higher Education center (IHEC), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Värnik, Rando; Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Rural Economics, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
Eftekhari, Elham; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Petrescu, Dacinia-Crina ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Modélisation et développement ; Faculty of Business, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Petrescu-Mag, Ruxandra Malina ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Modélisation et développement ; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Pour, Maryam ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Modélisation et développement
Azadi, Hossein ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Modélisation et développement
Language :
English
Title :
Towards the institutionalization of ethics: agricultural experts’ knowledge of planning effective management of passive defense in Iran
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