[en] In recent years, Rwanda, especially its Eastern Province, has been contending with water shortages, primarily due to prolonged dry spells and restricted water sources. This situation poses a substantial threat to the country’s agriculture-based economy and food security. The impact may escalate with climate change, exacerbating the frequency and severity of droughts. However, there is a lack of comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of meteorological and agricultural droughts, which is an urgent need for a nationwide assessment of the drought’s impact on vegetation and agriculture. Therefore, the study aimed to identify meteorological and agricultural droughts by employing the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Vegetation Health Index (VHI). VHI comprises the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and the Temperature Condition Index (TCI), both derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). This study analyzed data from 31 meteorological stations spanning from 1983 to 2020, as well as remote sensing indices from 2001 to 2020, to assess the spatiotemporal patterns, characteristics, and adverse impact of droughts on vegetation and agriculture. The results showed that the years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 were the most prolonged and severe for both meteorological and agricultural droughts, especially in the Southern Province and Eastern Province. These extremely dry conditions led to a decline in both vegetation and crop production in the country. It is recommended that policymakers engage in proactive drought mitigation activities, address climate change, and enforce water resource management policies in Rwanda. These actions are crucial to decreasing the risk of drought and its negative impact on both vegetation and crop production in Rwanda.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Niyonsenga, Schadrack ; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventist of Kigali (UNILAK), Kigali, Rwanda ; Joint Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment in East Africa, Rwanda
Eziz, Anwar; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Urumqi, China
Kurban, Alishir ; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Joint Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment in East Africa, Rwanda ; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Urumqi, China ; Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China ; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Ghent, Belgium
Yuan, Xiuliang; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Joint Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment in East Africa, Rwanda ; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Urumqi, China ; Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
Umwali, Edovia Dufatanye; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventist of Kigali (UNILAK), Kigali, Rwanda ; Joint Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment in East Africa, Rwanda
Azadi, Hossein ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Modélisation et développement ; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Urumqi, China ; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Ghent, Belgium
Hakorimana, Egide ; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventist of Kigali (UNILAK), Kigali, Rwanda ; Joint Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment in East Africa, Rwanda
Umugwaneza, Adeline; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventist of Kigali (UNILAK), Kigali, Rwanda ; Joint Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment in East Africa, Rwanda
Fidelis, Gift Donu; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Urumqi, China
Nsanzabaganwa, Justin ; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Lay Adventist of Kigali (UNILAK), Kigali, Rwanda ; Joint Research Center for Natural Resources and Environment in East Africa, Rwanda
Nzabarinda, Vincent; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Language :
English
Title :
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Their Impact on Vegetation and Crop Production in Rwanda
NSCF - National Natural Science Foundation of China
Funding text :
The author would like to express my profound gratitude to Toqeer Ahmed from COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan for his exceptional contribution throughout the revision process of the manuscript. His insights have been remarkable and greatly appreciated. The author would like to express their gratitude to the University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) for the award of the ANSO Scholarship for Young Talents. Additionally, the authors greatly appreciate the support received from the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Rwanda Office of Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SAJOREC-CAS). Furthermore, this study was made possible by the data provided by the Rwanda Meteorology Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT), which we gratefully acknowledge.This work was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32071655), the Tianchi Talent (young scientist) Fund (E335030101), the National Youth Talent Project (Grant No. E3150102), and the Project for Cultivating High-Level Talent of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. E3150101 and E1500103), Chinese Academy of Sciences President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative (2021VCA0004).
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