[en] Understanding the appearance and evolution of prehistoric weaponry is a key topic in archaeological research. While stone or osseous projectile points are identified archaeologically based on damage patterns and other wear traces, identifying how these weapons were propelled requires a more thorough understanding of the ballistic behaviour of each weapon system. Even if the spear-thrower and dart is a commonly known weapon system that is often used in projectile experiments, its functioning is still not yet fully understood. In this article, we contribute to its understanding with a detailed analysis of the propulsion phase of the dart. We use high-speed video recordings and show that the propulsion of a dart has a complexity that goes beyond a simple lever effect or an arm extender provided by the spear-thrower. We argue that the focus should not only lie on the rotation of the spear-thrower but also on the displacement of the spear-thrower hook and the dart’s butt during the entire propulsion phase. We demonstrate that the gestures of the user and the specific characteristics of both the spear-thrower and the dart represent three inseparable elements that determine a dart’s flight and its ballistic behaviour. Knowledge on the propulsion phase of the dart is therefore a prerequisite for insights into the impact phenomenon, for an adequate understanding of impact fractures on projectile points, and for the recognition of weapon propulsion modes on an archaeological level.
Research Center/Unit :
AAP - Art, Archéologie et Patrimoine - ULiège
Disciplines :
Archaeology
Author, co-author :
Lepers, Christian ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences historiques > TraceoLab
Coppe, Justin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences historiques > TraceoLab ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Art, Archéologie et Patrimoine (AAP)
Rots, Veerle ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Art, Archéologie et Patrimoine (AAP) ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences historiques > TraceoLab
Language :
English
Title :
The propulsion phase of spear-throwers and its implications for understanding prehistoric weaponry
Publication date :
21 September 2024
Journal title :
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
ISSN :
2352-409X
Publisher :
Elsevier, Netherlands
Volume :
59
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
European Projects :
FP7 - 312283 - EVO-HAFT - Evolution of stone tool hafting in the Palaeolithic
Name of the research project :
Evolution of stone tool hafting in the Palaeolithic
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique ULiège - University of Liège EU - European Union
Funding number :
FNRS/PDR/T021520F
Funding text :
This research was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ 2007–2013, ERC Grant Agreement No. 312283, EVO-HAFT, V. Rots) and by a research project on hunting technology (PDR) funded by the F.R.S.- FNRS (FNRS/PDR/T021520F) (V. Rots). Further funding was also
received from the University of Liège, amongst others through an equipment grant (ULiège/EQP2019) (V. Rots)
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