astrometry; binaries: spectroscopic; stars: black holes; stars:; evolution; stars: massive; stars: Population II; Astrophysics -; Astrophysics of Galaxies; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Context. Gravitational waves from black-hole (BH) merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models - and also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars. <BR /> Aims: Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors. <BR /> Methods: As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions. <BR /> Results: The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70 ± 0.82 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc. <BR /> Conclusions: The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known thus far. The low metallicity of the star companion supports the scenario that metal-poor massive stars are progenitors of the high-mass BHs detected by gravitational-wave telescopes. The Galactic orbit of the system and its metallicity indicate that it might belong to the Sequoia halo substructure. Alternatively, and more plausibly, it could belong to the ED-2 stream, which likely originated from a globular cluster that had been disrupted by the Milky Way. <P />Full Table B.1 and Table B.2 with Gaia epoch data are available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/L2">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/L2</A>
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Panuzzo, P.; Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy
Mazeh, T.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Arenou, F.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory, University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Holl, B.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Caffau, E.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Jorissen, A.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Babusiaux, C.; RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Gavras, P.; RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Sahlmann, J.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Bastian, U.; University of Warsaw, Department of Astronomy
Wyrzykowski, Ł.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Eyer, L.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Leclerc, N.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Bauchet, N.; HE Space Operations BV for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Bombrun, A.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Mowlavi, N.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Seabroke, G. M.; Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Teyssier, D.; University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, -
Balbinot, E.; University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute
Brown, A. G. A.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Vallenari, A.; European Space Research and Technology Centre
Prusti, T.; European Space Research and Technology Centre
de Bruijne, J. H. J.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Barbier, A.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Biermann, M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Creevey, O. L.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Ducourant, C.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Evans, D. W.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Guerra, R.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Hutton, A.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, -
Klioner, S. A.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Lammers, U.; Lund Observatory
Lindegren, L.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Luri, X.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Mignard, F.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Nicolas, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Randich, S.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Sartoretti, P.; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw
Smiljanic, R.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Tanga, P.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Walton, N. A.; Katholieke University of Leuven, Astronomical Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Aerts, C.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Cropper, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Drimmel, R.; European Space Agency (ESA, retired), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Jansen, F.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Katz, D.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of Turin, Department of Physics
Lattanzi, M. G.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Soubiran, C.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Thévenin, F.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
van Leeuwen, F.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Andrae, R.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Audard, M.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Bakker, J.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Blomme, R.; DAPCOM Data Services, c. dels Vilabella, 5-7, 80500, Vic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain
Castañeda, J.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
De Angeli, F.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Fabricius, C.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Fouesneau, M.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Frémat, Y.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Galluccio, L.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Guerrier, A.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Heiter, U.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Messineo, R.; Sednai Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
Nienartowicz, K.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Pailler, F.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Riclet, F.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Roux, W.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Sordo, R.; European Science and Astronomy Center, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Gracia-Abril, G.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Portell, J.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Altmann, M.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Benson, K.; Universite de Lille I, France
Berthier, J.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Burgess, P. W.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Busonero, D.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Busso, G.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Cacciari, C.; Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Cánovas, H.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Carrasco, J. M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Carry, B.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Cellino, A.; Serco Gestión de Negocios for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Cheek, N.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Clementini, G.; University of Liege, Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, Center of Research in Astronomy Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algeria
Damerdji, Yassine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE) ; Center of Research in Astronomy Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algeria
Davidson, M.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
de Teodoro, P.; University of Liege, Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography
Delchambre, Ludovic ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Dell'Oro, A.; RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Fraile Garcia, E.; University of Coruna, Spain
Garabato, D.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
García-Lario, P.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Haigron, R.; Center of Research in Astronomy Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algeria
Hambly, N. C.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, Kavli Institute for Cosmology, UK
Harrison, D. L.; University of Athens, Department of Astronomy
Hatzidimitriou, D.; European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Hernández, J.; Universite de Lille I, France
Hestroffer, D.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Hodgkin, S. T.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Jamal, S.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Jevardat de Fombelle, G.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Jordan, S.; University of California, Irvine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Krone-Martins, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania, University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Lanzafame, A. C.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Löffler, W.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Lorca, A.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Marchal, O.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome, ASI Science Data Center
Marrese, P. M.; University of Lisbon, Portugal
Moitinho, A.; University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, -
Muinonen, K.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Nuñez Campos, M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Oreshina-Slezak, I.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Osborne, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri, ASI Science Data Center
Pancino, E.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Pauwels, T.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Recio-Blanco, A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Riello, M.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Rimoldini, L.; Institut UTINAM CNRS UMR6213, Université de Franche-Comté, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP1615, 25010, Besançon Cedex, France
Robin, A. C.; HE Space Operations BV for European Space Agency (ESA), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Roegiers, T.; National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
Sarro, L. M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Schultheis, M.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Smith, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Sozzetti, A.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Utrilla, E.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
van Leeuwen, M.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Weingrill, K.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Abbas, U.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, ELTE Etvs Loránd University, 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1A, Budapest, Hungary, University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, Türkenschanzstraße 17, A1180, Vienna, Austria
Ábrahám, P.; ATG Europe for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Abreu Aramburu, A.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Ahmed, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome, ASI Science Data Center
Altavilla, G.; University of Coruna, Spain
Álvarez, M. A.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Anders, F.; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique
Anderson, R. I.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Anglada Varela, E.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Antoja, T.; University of Hertfordshire, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics
Baig, S.; Quasar Science Resources for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Baines, D.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Baker, S. G.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Balaguer-Núñez, L.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Balog, Z.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Barache, C.; University of Lisbon, Portugal
Barros, M.; University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Barstow, M. A.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Bartolomé, S.; Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Bashi, D.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Bassilana, J. -L.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Baudeau, N.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Becciani, U.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Bedin, L. R.; National Observatory of Athens, Greece
Bellas-Velidis, I.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Bellazzini, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of Turin, Department of Physics
Beordo, W.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Bernet, M.; Aerospace Logistics Technology Engineering Company, Italy
Bertolotto, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of Maryland, College Park
Bertone, S.; EURIX S.r.l., Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 61, 10128, Torino, Italy
Bianchi, L.; Tel Aviv University, Israel
Binnenfeld, A.; Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, -
Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; University of Sydney, Department of Astronomy, Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3D
Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Blazere, A.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Boch, T.; University of Padua, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Bossini, D.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes, University of Chile
Bouquillon, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Bragaglia, A.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Braine, J.; University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243, Athens, Greece
Bratsolis, E.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Breedt, E.; SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Italy
Bressan, A.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Brouillet, N.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Brugaletta, E.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of Turin, Department of Physics
Bucciarelli, B.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Butkevich, A. G.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Buzzi, R.; SII for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Camut, A.; University of Turin, Italy
Cancelliere, R.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Cantat-Gaudin, T.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Capilla Guilarte, D.; University of Cantabria, Spain
Carballo, R.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Carlucci, T.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Carnerero, M. I.; Institute for High Energy Physics, Barcelona, -, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, Spain
Carretero, J.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Carton, S.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Casamiquela, L.; Monash University, 10 College Walk, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
Casey, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome
Castellani, M.; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
Castro-Ginard, A.; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
Ceraj, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Cesare, V.; Observatoire de Bordeaux
Charlot, P.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Chaudet, C.; Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Físicas - Instituto de Astrofísica, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Chemin, L.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Chiavassa, A.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Chornay, N.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique
Chosson, D.; University of Hertfordshire, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Cooper, W. J.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Cornez, T.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Cowell, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, -
Crosta, M.; HE Space Operations BV for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Crowley, C.; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique
Cruz Reyes, M.; University of Coruna, Spain
Dafonte, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Dal Ponte, M.; University of Antwerpen, Belgium
David, M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
de Laverny, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Teramo
De Luise, F.; Aerospace Logistics Technology Engineering Company, Italy
De March, R.; HE Space Operations BV for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
de Torres, A.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
del Peloso, E. F.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Delbo, M.; RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Delgado, A.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Delisle, J. -B.; APAVE EXPLOITATION for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Demouchy, C.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France, University of Granada, Department of Physics
Denis, E.; New York University
Dharmawardena, T. E.; Astronomical Observatory of Teramo
Di Giacomo, F.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Diener, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Distefano, E.; University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory
Dolding, C.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Dsilva, K.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Enke, H.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Fabre, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome, ASI Science Data Center
Fabrizio, M.; Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy
Faigler, S.; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
Fatović, M.; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland, Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
Fedorets, G.; RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Fernández-Hernández, J.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Fernique, P.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Figueras, F.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse
Fouron, C.; Durham University, Department of Physics
Fragkoudi, F.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Gai, M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Galinier, M.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Garcia-Serrano, A.; Data Science and Big Data Lab, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain
García-Torres, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Giacobbe, P.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, -
Gilmore, G.; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Gell 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Girona, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome
Giuffrida, G.; University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Gomboc, A.; University of Coruna, Spain
Gomez, A.; University of Coruna, Spain
González-Santamaría, I.; University of Liege, Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, -
Gosset, Eric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE) ; University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, -
Granvik, M.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Gregori Barrera, V.; Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Haywood, M.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Helmer, A.; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries, University of La Laguna, Department of Astrophysics
Kaczmarek, Z.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique
Kervella, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute
Khanna, S.; University of Athens, Department of Astronomy
Kontizas, M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Kordopatis, G.; Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Korn, A. J.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Knigstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, ELTE Etvs Loránd University, 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1A, Budapest, Hungary
Kóspál, Á.; ATG Europe for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z.; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
Kruszyńska, K.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary
Kun, M.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Lambert, S.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Lanza, A. F.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Universite de Rennes 1, Institut de Physique
Lebreton, Y.; University of Vienna, Department of Astronomy
Lebzelter, T.; Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Leccia, S.; Institut UTINAM CNRS UMR6213, Université de Franche-Comté, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP1615, 25010, Besançon Cedex, France
Lecoutre, G.; CAS, Shanghai Observatory, Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
Liao, S.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France, State University of Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
Liberato, L.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Licata, E.; University of Athens, Department of Astronomy
Livanou, E.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Lobel, A.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
López-Miralles, J.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Loup, C.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary
Madarász, M.; Royal Observatory of Belgium
Mahy, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE) ; Center of Research in Astronomy Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algeria
Mann, R. G.; University of Coruna, Spain
Manteiga, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Marcellino, C. P.; Liverpool John Moores University, Astrophysics Research Institute
Marchant, J. M.; Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Marconi, M.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Marín Pina, D.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome, ASI Science Data Center
Marinoni, S.; IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
Marshall, D. J.; Serco Gestión de Negocios for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Martín Lozano, J.; European Science and Astronomy Center
Martin Polo, L.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Martín-Fleitas, J. M.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary
Marton, G.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Mascarenhas, D.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Masip, A.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Mastrobuono-Battisti, A.; University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Meichsner, J.; Charles University, Astronomical Institute
Merc, J.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Messina, S.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Millar, N. R.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Mints, A.; SII for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Mohamed, D.; University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, -
Molina, D.; Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Molinaro, R.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, ELTE Etvs Loránd University, 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1A, Budapest, Hungary
Molnár, L.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, -
Monguió, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Montegriffo, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Monti, L.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Mora, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Morbidelli, R.; Center of Research in Astronomy Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algeria
Morris, D.; Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam
Mudimadugula, R.; Astronomical Observatory of Bologna
Muraveva, T.; Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Musella, I.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary
Nagy, Z.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Nardetto, N.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Navarrete, C.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, -
Oh, S.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Ordenovic, C.; Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy
Orenstein, O.; University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Pagani, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Pagano, I.; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
Palaversa, L.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Pawlak, M.; University of Helsinki, Department of Physics
Penttilä, A.; RHEA for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Pesciullesi, P.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Pinamonti, M.; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, ELTE Etvs Loránd University, 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1A, Budapest, Hungary
Plachy, E.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Planquart, L.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Plum, G.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Poggio, E.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, -
Pourbaix, D.; Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York
Price-Whelan, A. M.; Astronomical Observatory of Rome
Pulone, L.; Universite de Lille I, France
Rabin, V.; Astronomical Observatory of Brera, Milan, Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Rainer, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Raiteri, C. M.; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, -
Ramos, P.; Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Ramos-Lerate, M.; University of Warsaw, Department of Astronomy
Ratajczak, M.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Re Fiorentin, P.; Katholieke University of Leuven, Astronomical Institute
Regibo, S.; Institut UTINAM CNRS UMR6213, Université de Franche-Comté, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP1615, 25010, Besançon Cedex, France
Reylé, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Ripepi, V.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Riva, A.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Rix, H. -W.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Rixon, G.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Robert, G.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Robichon, N.; Thales Alenia Space, France
Robin, C.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Romero-Gómez, M.; Center of Research in Astronomy Astrophysics and Geophysics, Algeria
Rowell, N.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Ruz Mieres, D.; Weizmann Institute of Science, Astrophysics Group
Rybicki, K. A.; Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group
Sadowski, G.; Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Sagristà Sellés, A.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Sanna, N.; University of Coruna, Spain
Santoveña, R.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Sarasso, M.; Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Sarmiento, M. H.; DAPCOM Data Services, c. dels Vilabella, 5-7, 80500, Vic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain
Sarrate Riera, C.; Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Sciacca, E.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Ségransan, D.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Semczuk, M.; Weizmann Institute of Science, Astrophysics Group
Shahaf, S.; Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg, Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg
Siebert, A.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France
Slezak, E.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin, University of Hertfordshire, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics
Smart, R. L.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation, University of Exeter, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Steidelmüller, H.; University of Liege, Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography
Surdej, Jean ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) ; Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary
Szabados, L.; Observatoire de Paris, Systemes de Reference Relativistes
Taris, F.; University of Bristol, School of Physics
Taylor, M. B.; University of Sao Paulo, Institute for Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Sciences
Teixeira, R.; University of Sydney, Department of Astronomy, Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3D
Tolomei, L.; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Gell 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Tonello, N.; Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Department of Physics, -
Torra, F.; University of Coruna, Spain, -, -
Torralba Elipe, G.; University of Padua, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Trabucchi, M.; Institut fr Physik und Astronomie, Universitt Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476, Golm, (Potsdam), Germany, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482, Potsdam, Germany
Trentin, E.; Astronomical Observatory of Arcetri
Tsantaki, M.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Turon, C.; University of Vigo, Spain, -
Ulla, A.; University of Geneva, Astronomical Observatory
Unger, N.; Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
Valtchanov, I.; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Vanel, O.; Astronomical Observatory of Turin
Vecchiato, A.; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Gell 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Vicente, D.; DAPCOM Data Services, c. dels Vilabella, 5-7, 80500, Vic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain
Villar, E.; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c. Esteve Terradas 1, 08860, Castelldefels, (Barcelona), Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Weiler, M.; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, France, CAS, Purple Mountain Observatory
Zhao, H.; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
Zorec, J.; Tel Aviv University, Israel, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy
Zucker, S.; University of Coruna, Spain
Župić, A.; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Zwitter, T.
Gaia Collaboration; AB(Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Galaxies Etoiles Physiques et Instrumentation
Balbinot, E., Helmi, A., Callingham, T., et al. 2023, A&A, 678, A115
Bavera, S. S., Fragos, T., Zapartas, E., et al. 2023, Nat. Astron., 7, 1090
Beers, T. C., & Christlieb, N. 2005, ARA&A, 43, 531
Belczynski, K., Taam, R. E., Kalogera, V., Rasio, F. A., & Bulik, T. 2007, ApJ, 662, 504
Belczynski, K., Bulik, T., Fryer, C. L., et al. 2010 a, ApJ, 714, 1217
Belczynski, K., Dominik, M., Bulik, T., et al. 2010 b, ApJ, 715, L138
Belczynski, K., Holz, D. E., Bulik, T., & Oa Shaughnessy, R. 2016, Nature, 534, 512
Bergemann, M., Lind, K., Collet, R., Magic, Z., & Asplund, M. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 27
Bergemann, M., Collet, R., Amarsi, A. M., et al. 2017, ApJ, 847, 15
Blomme, R., Edvardsson, B., Eriksson, K., et al. 2017, Synthetic spectra used by CU6 in DR2, Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) Technical Note GAIA-C6-TN-ROB-RHB-005, http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/public-dpac-documents
Boch, T., & Fernique, P. 2014, ASP Conf. Ser., 485, 277
Huber, D., Bryson, S. T., Haas, M. R., et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 2
Hunter, J. D. 2007, Comput. Sci. Eng., 9, 90
Hurley, J. R., Pols, O. R., & Tout, C. A. 2000, MNRAS, 315, 543
Katz, D., Sartoretti, P., Guerrier, A., et al. 2023, A&A, 674, A5
Korotin, S. A., Andrievsky, S. M., Hansen, C. J., et al. 2015, A&A, 581, A70
Kovalev, M., Brinkmann, S., Bergemann, M., & MPIA IT-department 2018, NLTE MPIA Web Server (Heidelberg: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy), http://nlte.mpia.de
Kurucz, R. L. 2005, Mem. Soc. Astron. It. Suppl., 8, 14
Lallement, R., Vergely, J. L., Babusiaux, C., & Cox, N. L. J. 2022, A&A, 661, A147
Lam, C. Y., Lu, J. R., Udalski, A., et al. 2022, ApJ, 933, L23
Lasker, B. M., Lattanzi, M. G., McLean, B. J., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 735
Lépine, S., & Shara, M. M. 2005, AJ, 129, 1483
Lindegren, L., & Bastian, U. 2022, Local plane coordinates for the detailed analysis of complex Gaia sources, Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) technical note GAIA-C3-TN-LU-LL-061, http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/public-dpac-documents
Lindegren, L., Lammers, U., Hobbs, D., et al. 2012, A&A, 538, A78
Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., et al. 2021 a, A&A, 649, A4
Lindegren, L., Klioner, S. A., Hernández, J., et al. 2021 b, A&A, 649, A2
Lodders, K., Palme, H., & Gail, H. P. 2009, Landolt Börnstein, 4B, 712
Sbordone, L., Caffau, E., Bonifacio, P., & Duffau, S. 2014, A&A, 564, A109
Sitnova, T. M., Yakovleva, S. A., Belyaev, A. K., & Mashonkina, L. I. 2022, MNRAS, 515, 1510
Skrutskie, M. F., Cutri, R. M., Stiening, R., et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1163
Steinmetz, M., Guiglion, G., McMillan, P. J., et al. 2020 a, AJ, 160, 83
Steinmetz, M., Matijevič, G., Enke, H., et al. 2020 b, AJ, 160, 82
Sukhbold, T., Ertl, T., Woosley, S. E., Brown, J. M., & Janka, H. T. 2016, ApJ, 821, 38
Tanikawa, A., Hattori, K., Kawanaka, N., et al. 2023, ApJ, 946, 79
Tanikawa, A., Cary, S., Shikauchi, M., Wang, L., & Fujii, M. S. 2024, MNRAS, 527, 4031
Tantalo, R., Chiosi, C., & Bressan, A. 1998, A&A, 333, 419
Taylor, M. B. 2005, ASP Conf. Ser., 347, 29
Taylor, M. B. 2006, ASP Conf. Ser., 351, 666
Ulla, A., Creevey, O. L., Álvarez, M. A., et al. 2022, Gaia DR3 documentation Chapter 11: Astrophysical parameters, https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/documentation/GDR3/index.html, 11
van Leeuwen, F. 2007, A&A, 474, 653
Vergely, J. L., Lallement, R., & Cox, N. L. J. 2022, A&A, 664, A174
Vink, J. S. 2008, New Astron. Rev., 52, 419
Waters, C. Z., Magnier, E. A., Price, P. A., et al. 2020, ApJS, 251, 4
Wenger, M., Ochsenbein, F., Egret, D., et al. 2000, A&AS, 143, 9
Zacharias, N., Finch, C. T., Girard, T. M., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 44
