Star Formation History; Massive stars; Binary stars
Abstract :
[en] A star formation history (SFH) is the stellar record of the various processes that shaped a galaxy and star clusters since its birth to its current physical state. Studying the young open cluster NGC 2244, and in particular its massive stellar population, can improve our understanding of its formation mechanism, stellar evolution, feedback, and provide a basis for a better understanding of the formation of extragalactic star clusters. In this contribution, we present the first steps towards the derivation of the SFH of NGC 2244. We discuss the first results concerning the membership determination and the observed binary fractions of O- and B-type stars among NGC 2244. Finally, an overview of the forthcoming steps is also presented.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Furst, Théo ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Mahy, Laurent ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Nazé, Yaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Language :
English
Title :
The Star Formation History of the Young Open Cluster NGC 2244: Study of the Binary Fraction
Publication date :
01 June 2024
Journal title :
Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège
Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Arain, M. A., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Belczynski, C., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. C., Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Casanueva Diaz, J., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. C., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio, M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cruise, A. M., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dal Canton, T., Danilishin, S. L., D’Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Da Silva Costa, C. F., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., De, S., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., DeRosa, R. T., De Rosa, R., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Feldbaum, D., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Finn, L. S., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fong, H., Fournier, J. D., Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frede, M., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., Garufi, F., Gatto, A., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Gleason, J. R., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., González, G., Castro, J. M. G., Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Greenhalgh, R. J. S., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. J., Haughian, K., Healy, J., Heefner, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinzel, G., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Hofman, D., Hollitt, S. E., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y. M., Huang, S., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idrisy, A., Indik, N., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. M., Isi, M., Islas, G., Isogai, T., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacobson, M. B., Jacqmin, T., Jang, H., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Johnson-McDaniel, N. K., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Haris, K., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., Kéfélian, F., Kehl, M. S., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Kennedy, R., Keppel, D. G., Key, J. S., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, N.-G., Kim, N., Kim, Y. M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Koranda, S., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Królak, A., Krueger, C., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwee, P., Lackey, B. D., Landry, M., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lasky, P. D., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, K., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leong, J. R., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Levine, B. M., Li, T. G. F., Libson, A., Littenberg, T. B., Lockerbie, N. A., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., London, L. T., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., MacDonald, T., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza-Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Mezzani, F., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mirshekari, S., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moggi, A., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, B. C., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, A., Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murphy, D. J., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Necula, V., Nedkova, K., Nelemans, G., Neri, M., Neunzert, A., Newton, G., Nguyen, T. T., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Normandin, M. E. N., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., Ochsner, E., O’Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, R. J., O’Reilly, B., O’Shaughnessy, R., Ott, C. D., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, H., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Paris, H. R., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patricelli, B., Patrick, Z., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perreca, A., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O., Pichot, M., Pickenpack, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Poeld, J. H., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Predoi, V., Premachandra, S. S., Prestegard, T., Price, L. R., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prix, R., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rakhmanov, M., Ramet, C. R., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Re, V., Read, J., Reed, C. M., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rew, H., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, J. D., Romano, R., Romanov, G., Romie, J. H., Rosińska, D., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sampson, L. M., Sanchez, E. J., Sandberg, V., Sandeen, B., Sanders, G. H., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Schilling, R., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serna, G., Setyawati, Y., Sevigny, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T., Shah, S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaltev, M., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, R., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, M. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Srivastava, A. K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stephens, B. C., Stevenson, S. P., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Stratta, G., Strauss, N. A., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tápai, M., Tarabrin, S. P., Taracchini, A., Taylor, R., Theeg, T., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trifirò, D., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tse, M., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Vallisneri, M., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Voss, D., Vousden, W. D., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Waldman, S. J., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ward, H., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Wiesner, K., Wilkinson, C., Willems, P. A., Williams, L., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkelmann, L., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wiseman, A. G., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, G., Yablon, J., Yakushin, I., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Yu, H., Yvert, M., ZadroZny, A., Zangrando, L., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. P., Zevin, M., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S. E., Zweizig, J., LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration (2016) Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger. PhRvL, 116(6), 061102. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102.
Aldoretta, E. J., Caballero-Nieves, S. M., Gies, D. R., Nelan, E. P., Wallace, D. J., Hartkopf, W. I., Henry, T. J., Jao, W. C., Maíz Apellániz, J., Mason, B. D., Moffat, A. F. J., Norris, R. P., Richardson, N. D. and Williams, S. J. (2015) The multiplicity of massive stars: a high angular resolution survey with the guidance sensor. AJ, 149(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/26.
Blaauw, A. (1961) On the origin of the O- and B-type stars with high velocities (the “run-away” stars), and some related problems. BAN, 15, 265.
Bromm, V., Yoshida, N., Hernquist, L. and McKee, C. F. (2009) The formation of the first stars and galaxies. Natur, 459, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07990.
Caballero-Nieves, S. M., Nelan, E. P., Gies, D. R., Wallace, D. J., DeGioia-Eastwood, K., Herrero, A., Jao, W. C., Mason, B. D., Massey, P., Moffat, A. F. J. and Walborn, N. R. (2014) A high angular resolution survey of massive stars in Cygnus OB2: Results from the Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensors. AJ, 147(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/147/2/40.
Lanthermann, C., Le Bouquin, J. B., Sana, H., Mérand, A., Monnier, J. D., Perraut, K., Frost, A. J., Mahy, L., Gosset, E., De Becker, M., Kraus, S., Anugu, N., Davies, C. L., Ennis, J., Gardner, T., Labdon, A., Setterholm, B., ten Brummelaar, T. and Schaefer, G. H. (2023) Multiplicity of northern bright O-type stars with optical long baseline interferometry. Results of the pilot survey. A&A, 672, A6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245364.
Le Bouquin, J. B., Sana, H., Gosset, E., De Becker, M., Duvert, G., Absil, O., Anthonioz, F., Berger, J. P., Ertel, S., Grellmann, R., Guieu, S., Kervella, P., Rabus, M. and Willson, M. (2017) Resolved astrometric orbits of ten O-type binaries. A&A, 601, A34. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629260.
Lim, B., Nazé, Y., Hong, J., Park, B.-G., Yun, H.-S., Yi, H.-W., Park, S., Hwang, N. and Lee, J.-E. (2021) A kinematic perspective on the formation process of the stellar groups in the Rosette nebula. AJ, 162(2), 56. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abffd8.
Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Bombrun, A., de Torres, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Hernández, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., McMillan, P. J., Ramos-Lerate, M., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A. and van Leeuwen, F. (2021) Gaia Early Data Release 3. Parallax bias versus magnitude, colour, and position. A&A, 649, A4. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039653.
Maíz Apellániz, J. (2010) High-resolution imaging of Galactic massive stars with AstraLux. I. 138 fields with δ >-25◦. A&A, 518, A1. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014409.
Maíz Apellániz, J. (2022) An estimation of the Gaia EDR3 parallax bias from stellar clusters and Magellanic Clouds data. A&A, 657, A130. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142365.
Maíz Apellániz, J., Trigueros Páez, E., Negueruela, I., Barbá, R. H., Simón-Díaz, S., Lorenzo, J., Sota, A., Gamen, R. C., Fariña, C., Salas, J., Caballero, J. A., Morrell, N. I., Pellerin, A., Alfaro, E. J., Herrero, A., Arias, J. I. and Marco, A. (2019) MONOS: Multiplicity of northern O-type spectroscopic systems. I. Project description and spectral classifications and visual multiplicity of previously known objects. A&A, 626, A20. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935359.
Mason, B. D., Hartkopf, W. I., Gies, D. R., Henry, T. J. and Helsel, J. W. (2009) The high angular resolution multiplicity of massive stars. AJ, 137(2), 3358–3377. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3358.
Moe, M. and Di Stefano, R. (2017) Mind your Ps and Qs: The interrelation between period (p) and mass-ratio (q) distributions of binary stars. ApJS, 230(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aa6fb6.
Offner, S. S. R., Moe, M., Kratter, K. M., Sadavoy, S. I., Jensen, E. L. N. and Tobin, J. J. (2023) The origin and evolution of multiple star systems. ASPC, 534, 275. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.10066.
Peter, D., Feldt, M., Henning, T. and Hormuth, F. (2012) Massive binaries in the Cepheus OB2/3 region. Constraining the formation mechanism of massive stars. A&A, 538, A74. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201015027.
Roberts, J., Lewis C., Turner, N. H. and ten Brummelaar, T. A. (2007) Adaptive optics photometry and astrometry of binary stars. II. A multiplicity survey of B stars. AJ, 133(2), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1086/510335.
Sana, H., de Koter, A., de Mink, S. E., Dunstall, P. R., Evans, C. J., Hénault-Brunet, V., Maíz Apellániz, J., Ramírez-Agudelo, O. H., Taylor, W. D., Walborn, N. R., Clark, J. S., Crowther, P. A., Herrero, A., Gieles, M., Langer, N., Lennon, D. J. and Vink, J. S. (2013) The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula survey. VIII. Multiplicity properties of the O-type star population. A&A, 550, A107. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201219621.
Sana, H., De Mink, S., de Koter, A., Langer, N., Evans, C., Gieles, M., Gosset, E., Izzard, R., Le Bouquin, J.-B. and Schneider, F. (2012) Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars. Sci, 337, 444–446.
Sana, H., Le Bouquin, J. B., Lacour, S., Berger, J. P., Duvert, G., Gauchet, L., Norris, B., Olofsson, J., Pickel, D., Zins, G., Absil, O., de Koter, A., Kratter, K., Schnurr, O. and Zinnecker, H. (2014) Southern massive stars at high angular resolution: Observational campaign and companion detection. ApJS, 215(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/215/1/15.
Turner, N. H., ten Brummelaar, T. A., Roberts, L. C., Mason, B. D., Hartkopf, W. I. and Gies, D. R. (2008) Adaptive optics photometry and astrometry of binary stars. III. A faint companion search of O-star systems. AJ, 136(2), 554–565. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/554.
Zucker, S. (2003) Cross-correlation and maximum-likelihood analysis: a new approach to combining cross-correlation functions. MNRAS, 342(4), 1291–1298. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06633.x.
