[es] Objetivo
Teniendo en cuenta las dificultades metodológicas y los resultados inconsistentes de estudios previos, el objetivo fue describir el cambio de la autoestima de los estudiantes de enfermería a lo largo del tiempo y sus factores predictivos, utilizando un marco teórico sólido e instrumentos pertinentes para medir y analizar los datos.
Método
Estudio de cohortes. Se evaluaron la autoestima y los factores relacionados en los estudiantes de enfermería pertenecientes a un programa de licenciatura de cuatro años al comienzo de cada año académico desde el año 2017 al 2019, así como al final del año académico de mayo del 2020, utilizando la versión revisada de la escala Self-liking/Self-competence (SLCS-r) de Tafarodi y Swann. Se realizaron análisis univariantes y multivariantes mediante modelos lineales mixtos generalizados. Resultados
La autoestima fue moderada al inicio del programa: 50,40 (9,10), aumentando ligeramente con el tiempo: 51,15 (9,11) medición 1 (T1); 51,64 (0,49) en medición 2 (T2); y 51,39 (10,79) en la medición 3 (T3) (p = 0,002). Las variables de referencia que predijeron el cambio en la autoestima fueron el sexo, el nivel de estudios secundarios, el estado de ansiedad, la intención de continuar y la autoeficacia. Evaluar y mejorar estas últimas variables mediante un plan de carrera sólido podría impulsar el rendimiento de los estudiantes y aumentar la retención durante y después de la formación.
Conclusiones
La autoestima de los estudiantes de enfermería puede evaluarse utilizando un modelo bidimensional, con una escala de dos factores como la escala de autoafirmación/autocompetencia de Tafarodi y Swann. El uso de modelos lineales mixtos generalizados es una forma útil de correlacionar grandes conjuntos de datos longitudinales.
Disciplines :
Public health, health care sciences & services
Author, co-author :
Dancot, Jacinthe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique
Dardenne, Nadia ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique
Donneau, Anne-Françoise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique
Detroz, Pascal ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Centres généraux > IFRES - SMART (Système Méthodologique d'Aide à la Réalisation de Tests)
Guillaume, Michèle ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique : aspects spécifiques
Pétré, Benoît ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Education thérapeutique du patient au service des soins intégrés
Language :
Spanish
Title :
Exploring nursing student self-esteem change and its predictors: a three-year cohort study and its methodological challenges
Original title :
[es] Exploración del cambio en la autoestima de los estudiantes de enfermería y sus predictores: un estudio de cohortes de tres años y sus retos metodológicos
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