Endoscopie in cranial neurosurgery L'endoscope en neurochirurgie crânienne

The aim of the work is to present the different endoscopic applications in neurosurgery with a particular interest for the training difficulties encounterd by neurosrugeons Learning endoscopy. The author présents his own experience in transspenoidal skull base endoscopy as well as in intraventricular endoscopy. The training difficulties and Learning curves have also been studied for the introduction of pure lumbar endoscopic sequestrectomy which offers a larger case load and better data to examine the Learning curves.A 3D printed patented training model for the acquisition of basic endoscopic skills for neurosurgeons who intend to learn endoscopic pituitary surgery has been developed and validated.