Near-Earth objects; Asteroids; Small Solar System bodies
Abstract :
[en] On 2022 September 26, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the satellite of binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This demonstrated the efficacy of a kinetic impactor for planetary defense by changing the orbital period of Dimorphos by 33 minutes. Measuring the period change relied heavily on a coordinated campaign of lightcurve photometry designed to detect mutual events (occultations and eclipses) as a direct probe of the satellite's orbital period. A total of 28 telescopes contributed 224 individual lightcurves during the impact apparition from 2022 July to 2023 February. We focus here on decomposable lightcurves, i.e., those from which mutual events could be extracted. We describe our process of lightcurve decomposition and use that to release the full data set for future analysis. We leverage these data to place constraints on the postimpact evolution of ejecta. The measured depths of mutual events relative to models showed that the ejecta became optically thin within the first ∼1 day after impact and then faded with a decay time of about 25 days. The bulk magnitude of the system showed that ejecta no longer contributed measurable brightness enhancement after about 20 days postimpact. This bulk photometric behavior was not well represented by an HG photometric model. An HG1G2 model did fit the data well across a wide range of phase angles. Lastly, we note the presence of an ejecta tail through at least 2023 March. Its persistence implied ongoing escape of ejecta from the system many months after DART impact.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Moskovitz, Nicholas; Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA
Thomas, Cristina; Northern Arizona University
Pravec, Petr; Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech Republic
Lister, Tim; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
Polakis, Tom; Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA
Osip, David; Las Campanas Observatory, Chile
Kareta, Theodore; Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA
Rożek, Agata; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Chesley, Steven R.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Naidu, Shantanu P.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Scheirich, Peter; Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech Republic
Ryan, William; New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology/Magdalena Ridge Observatory, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
Ryan, Eileen; New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology/Magdalena Ridge Observatory, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
Skiff, Brian; Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA
Snodgrass, Colin; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Knight, Matthew M.; Physics Department, United States Naval Academy, 572C Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
Rivkin, Andrew S.; Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
Belskaya, Irina; Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Astronomical Institute
Benkhaldoun, Zouhair; Oukaïmeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
Berteşteanu, Daniel N.; Romanian Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
Bonavita, Mariangela; Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Bressi, Terrence H.; LPL/UA, USA
Brucker, Melissa J.; LPL/UA, USA
Burgdorf, Martin J.; University of Hamburg, Germany
Burkhonov, Otabek; Uzbekistan National Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
Burt, Brian; Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA
Contreras, Carlos; Las Campanas Observatory, Chile
Chatelain, Joseph; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
Choi, Young-Jun; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, University of Science and Technology, Korea
Daily, Matthew; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
de León, Julia; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries
Ergashev, Kamoliddin; Uzbekistan National Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
Farnham, Tony; University of Maryland, College Park
Fatka, Petr; Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech Republic
Ferrais, Marin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > COMets METeors and Asteroids (COMETA) ; University of Central Florida
Geier, Stefan; Gran Telescopio Canarias (GRANTECAN), Cuesta de San José s/n, E-38712, Breña Baja, La Palma, Spain, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Gomez, Edward; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Cardiff University, School of Physics and Astronomy
Greenstreet, Sarah; DiRAC Institute and the Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, USA
Gröller, Hannes; LPL/UA, USA
Hergenrother, Carl; Ascending Node Technologies, LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA
Holt, Carrie; University of Maryland, College Park
Hornoch, Kamil; Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech Republic
Jehin, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Khalouei, Elahe; Astronomy Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Eluo, Jean-Baptiste Kikwaya; Vatican Observatory
Kim, Myung-Jin; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Krugly, Yurij; Karazin Kharkiv National University, Astronomical Institute, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
Kučáková, Hana; Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech Republic
Kušnirák, Peter; Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, Ondřejov, CZ-25165, Czech Republic
Larsen, Jeffrey A.; USNA, USA
Lee, Hee-Jae; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Lejoly, Cassandra; LPL/UA, USA
Licandro, Javier; Astrophysical Institute of the Canaries
Longa-Peña, Penélope; University of Antofagasta, Chile
Mastaler, Ronald A.; LPL/UA, USA
McCully, Curtis; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
Moon, Hong-Kyu; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Morrell, Nidia; Las Campanas Observatory, Chile
Nath, Arushi; MonitorMyPlanet, Toronto, Canada
Oszkiewicz, Dagmara; Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
Parrott, Daniel; Tycho Tracker, USA
Phillips, Liz; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Popescu, Marcel M.; Romanian Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
Pray, Donald; Sugarloaf Mountain Observatory, South Deerfield, MA, USA
Prodan, George Pantelimon; Romanian Academy of Sciences, Astronomical Institute
Rabus, Markus; Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Rivera 2850, Concepción, Chile
Read, Michael T.; LPL/UA, USA
Reva, Inna; Kazakhstan National Academy of Sciences, Astrophysical Institute
Roark, Vernon; University of Hawaii, Manoa
Santana-Ros, Toni; Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Carrer de Martí i Franquès, 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
Scotti, James V.; LPL/UA, USA
Tatara, Taiyo; USNA, USA
Thirouin, Audrey; Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86004, USA
Tholen, David; University of Hawaii, Manoa
Troianskyi, Volodymyr; Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland, Odessa Mechnikov National University, Ukraine, -
Tubbiolo, Andrew F.; LPL/UA, USA
Villa, Katelyn; Physics Department, United States Naval Academy, 572C Holloway Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
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