3D spheroid growth; 3D spheroid invasion; Breast cancer cell lines; Cholesterol submicrometric domains; Cortactin; Lipid droplets; MMP inhibition; Matrigel invasion; Oncology; Genetics; Cancer Research
Abstract :
[en] [en] BACKGROUND: Breast cancer clinical outcome relies on its intrinsic molecular subtype and mortality is almost exclusively due to metastasis, whose mechanism remains unclear. We recently revealed the specific contribution of plasma membrane cholesterol to the invasion of malignant MCF10CAIa but not premalignant MCF10AT and normal MCF10A cell lines in 2D, through invadopodia formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In the present study, we address the impact of breast cancer subtypes, mutations and aggressiveness on cholesterol implication in breast cancer cell invasion and 3D spheroid invasion and growth.
METHODS: We used nine breast cancer cell lines grouped in four subtypes matching breast tumor classification. Four of these cell lines were also used to generate 3D spheroids. These cell lines were compared for cell invasion in 2D and 3D, spheroid growth in 3D, gelatin degradation, cortactin expression, activation and subcellular distribution as well as cell surface cholesterol distribution and lipid droplets. The effect of plasma membrane cholesterol depletion on all these parameters was determined in parallel and systematically compared with the impact of global matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition.
RESULTS: The six invasive cell lines in 2D were sensitive to partial cholesterol depletion, independently of their subtype, aggressiveness or mutation. Nevertheless, the effect was stronger in the three cell lines able to degrade gelatin. 3D spheroid invasion was also reduced after cholesterol depletion in all breast cancer subtypes tested. Notably, targeting cholesterol was more powerful than MMP inhibition in reducing invasion in both 2D and 3D culture models. Moreover, cholesterol depletion in the six invasive cell lines impaired cortactin distribution in the perinuclear region where invadopodia localized. Breast cancer cell line aggressiveness relied on cholesterol-enriched domains at the ECM-free side and intracellular lipid droplets. Furthermore, the three gelatin-degrading cell lines were characterized by increased cholesterol-enriched submicrometric domains at their ECM-contact side.
CONCLUSION: Together, our data suggest cell surface cholesterol combined with lipid droplet labeling as a breast cancer cell aggressiveness marker. They also open the way to test other cholesterol-targeting drugs in more complex models to further evaluate whether cholesterol could represent a strategy in breast cancer therapy.
Disciplines :
Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
Author, co-author :
Maja, Mauriane; CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
Verfaillie, Marie; CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
Van Der Smissen, Patrick; CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
Henriet, Patrick; CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
Pierreux, Christophe E; CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
Sounni, Nor Eddine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire
Tyteca, Donatienne; CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. donatienne.tyteca@uclouvain.be
Language :
English
Title :
Targeting cholesterol impairs cell invasion of all breast cancer types.
This work was supported by grants from the UCLouvain (Fonds spéciaux de Recherches FSR, Fondation Louvain and Actions de Recherches concertées ARC), the F.R.S-FNRS, the Télévie and the King Baudouin Foundation (Fond Maurange).We thank Drs. A. Miyawaki, M. Abe and T. Kobayashi (Riken Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan & University of Strasbourg, France) as well as H. Mizuno (KU Leuven, Belgium) for generously supplying the Dronpa-Theta-D4 plasmid.
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