Brown dwarfs; L dwarfs; Interferometry; Long baseline interferometry; Optical interferometry; Orbit determination; Exoplanet atmospheres; Stellar atmospheres; 185; 894; 808; 932; 1168; 1175; 487; 1584; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Earth and; Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] Tension remains between the observed and modeled properties of substellar objects, but objects in binary orbits, with known dynamical masses, can provide a way forward. HD 72946 B is a recently imaged brown dwarf companion to a nearby, solar-type star. We achieve ~100 μas relative astrometry of HD 72946 B in the K band using VLTI/GRAVITY, unprecedented for a benchmark brown dwarf. We fit an ensemble of measurements of the orbit using orbitize! and derive a strong dynamical mass constraint M <SUB> B </SUB> = 69.5 ± 0.5 M <SUB>Jup</SUB> assuming a strong prior on the host star mass M <SUB> A </SUB> = 0.97 ± 0.01 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> from an updated stellar analysis. We fit the spectrum of the companion to a grid of self-consistent BT-Settl-CIFIST model atmospheres, and perform atmospheric retrievals using petitRADTRANS. A dynamical mass prior only marginally influences the sampled distribution of effective temperature, but has a large influence on the surface gravity and radius, as expected. The dynamical mass alone does not strongly influence retrieved pressure-temperature or cloud parameters within our current retrieval setup. Independently of the cloud prescription and prior assumptions, we find agreement within ±2σ between the C/O of the host (0.52 ± 0.05) and brown dwarf (0.43-0.63), as expected from a molecular cloud collapse formation scenario, but our retrieved metallicities are implausibly high (0.6-0.8) in light of the excellent agreement of the data with the solar-abundance model grid. Future work on our retrieval framework will seek to resolve this tension. Additional study of low surface gravity objects is necessary to assess the influence of a dynamical mass prior on atmospheric analysis.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Balmer, William O.; Johns Hopkins University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Pueyo, Laurent; Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Stolker, Tomas; Leiden Observatory
Reggiani, Henrique; Carnegie Institution of Washington, Observatories, California
Maire, A. -L.; University of Liege, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Lacour, S.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France, European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Mollière, P.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Nowak, M.; University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy
Sing, D.; Johns Hopkins University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Pourré, N.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Blunt, S.; California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy
Wang, J. J.; Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Rickman, E.; Space Telescope Science Institute, ESA Office, Baltimore, Maryland
Kammerer, J.; Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Henning, Th.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Ward-Duong, K.; Smith College, Massachusetts
Abuter, R.; European Southern Observatory, Germany
Amorim, A.; University of Lisbon, Portugal, University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Tecnico
Asensio-Torres, R.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Benisty, M.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Berger, J. -P.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Beust, H.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Boccaletti, A.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Bohn, A.; Leiden Observatory
Bonnefoy, M.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Bonnet, H.; European Southern Observatory, Germany
Bourdarot, G.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Brandner, W.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Cantalloube, Faustine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Planetary & Stellar systems Imaging Laboratory ; Aix-Marseille Universite, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique
Caselli, P.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Charnay, B.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Chauvin, G.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Chavez, A.; Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy
Christiaens, Valentin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) ; Monash University, School of Physics
Clénet, Y.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Coudé Du Foresto, V.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Cridland, A.; Leiden Observatory
Dembet, R.; European Southern Observatory, Germany
Dexter, J.; Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Boulder
Drescher, A.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Duvert, G.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Eckart, A.; 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
Eisenhauer, F.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Gao, F.; University of Hamburg, Hamburg Observatory
Garcia, P.; University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Porto, Portugal
Garcia Lopez, R.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Genzel, R.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Gillessen, S.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Girard, J. H.; Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Haubois, X.; European Southern Observatory, Chile
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Hinkley, S.; University of Exeter, Physics Building, Stocker Rd., Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
Hippler, S.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Horrobin, M.; 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
Houllé, M.; Aix-Marseille Universite, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique
Hubert, Z.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Jocou, L.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Keppler, M.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Kervella, P.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Kreidberg, L.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Lagrange, A. -M.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Lapeyrère, V.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Le Bouquin, J. -B.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Léna, P.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Lutz, D.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Monnier, J. D.; University of Michigan, Department of Astronomy
Mouillet, D.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Nasedkin, E.; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
Ott, T.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Otten, G. P. P. L.; Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11F Astronomy-Mathematics Bldg., NTU/AS Campus, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
Paladini, C.; European Southern Observatory, Chile
Paumard, T.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Perraut, K.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Perrin, G.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Pfuhl, O.; European Southern Observatory, Germany
Rameau, J.; Institute de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
Rodet, L.; Cornell University, Department of Astronomy/Center for Radiophysics and Space Research
Rousset, G.; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Rustamkulov, Z.; Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Shangguan, J.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Shimizu, T.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Stadler, J.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Straub, O.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
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Sturm, E.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
Tacconi, L. J.; Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
van Dishoeck, E. F.; Leiden Observatory, Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
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