Single-step genome-wide association analyses for milk urea concentration in Walloon Holstein.

[en] The aims of this study were to conduct a single-step genome-wide association to identify genomic regions associated with milk urea (MU) and to estimate genetic correlations between MU and milk yield (MY), milk composition (calcium content (CC), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), and casein percentage (CNP)), and cheese-making properties (CMP) (coagulation time (CT), curd firmness after 30 min from rennet addition (a30), and titratable acidity (TA)). The used data have been collected from 2015 to 2020 on 78,073 first-parity (485,218 test-day records), and 48,766 s-parity (284,942 test-day records) Holstein cows distributed in 671 herds in the Walloon Region of Belgium. Data of 565,533 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), located on 29 Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) of 6,617 animals (1,712 males) were used. Random regression test-day models were used to estimate genetic parameters through the Bayesian Gibbs sampling method. The SNP solutions were estimated using a single-step genomic BLUP approach. The proportion of the total additive genetic variance explained by windows of 50 consecutive SNPs (with an average size of ∼216 Kb) was calculated, and the top-3 genomic regions explaining the largest rate of the genetic variance were considered promising regions and used to identify potential candidate genes. Mean (standard deviation) MU was 25.38 (8.02) mg/dl and 25.03 (8,06) mg/dl in the first and second lactation, respectively. Mean heritability estimates for daily MU were 0.21 and 0.23 for the first and second lactation, respectively. The genetic correlations estimated between MU and MY, milk composition, and CMP were quite low (ranged from -0.10 (CC) to 0.10 (TA) and -0.05 (CT) to 0.13 (TA) for the first and second lactations, respectively). The top-3 regions associated with MU were located from 80.61 to 80.74 Mb on BTA6, 103.26 to 103.41 Mb on BTA11, and 1.59 to 2.15 Mb on BTA14. Genes including KCNT1, MROH1, SHARPIN, TSSK5, CPSF1, HSF1, TONSL, DGAT1, SCX, and MAF1 were identified as positional candidate genes for MU. The findings of this study can be used for a better understanding of the genomic architecture underlying MU in Holstein cattle.

Precision for document type :

Review article

Disciplines :

Zoology

Author, co-author :

Atashi, Hadi ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Animal Sciences (AS)

Chen, Yansen ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre

Vanderick, Sylvie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Animal Sciences (AS)

Hubin, X ; Elevéo asbl Awé Group, 5590 Ciney, Belgium

Gengler, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Animal Sciences (AS)

Language :

English

Title :

Single-step genome-wide association analyses for milk urea concentration in Walloon Holstein.

Publication date :

04 December 2023

Journal title :

Journal of Dairy Science

ISSN :

0022-0302

eISSN :

1525-3198

Publisher :

American Dairy Science Association, United States

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0022030223008251?httpAccept=text/xml

Available on ORBi :

since 07 January 2024

Statistics

Number of views

44 (1 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

29 (1 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Aguilar, I., Legarra, A., Cardoso, F., Masuda, Y., Lourenco, D., Misztal, I., Frequentist p-values for large-scale-single step genome-wide association, with an application to birth weight in American Angus cattle. Genet. Sel. Evol., 51, 2019, 28 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-019-0469-3 31221101.
Aguilar, I., Misztal, I., Johnson, D., Legarra, A., Tsuruta, S., Lawlor, T., Hot topic: A unified approach to utilize phenotypic, full pedigree, and genomic information for genetic evaluation of Holstein final score. J. Dairy Sci. 93 (2010), 743–752 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2730 20105546.
Aguilar, I., Misztal, I., Tsuruta, S., Legarra, A., Wang, H., PREGSF90–POSTGSF90: Computational tools for the implementation of single-step genomic selection and genome-wide association with ungenotyped individuals in BLUPF90 programs. Proc. 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production (WCGALP). 2014, American Society of Animal Science.
Aguilar, I., Tsuruta, S., Masuda, Y., Lourenco, D., Legarra, A., Misztal, I., BLUPF90 suite of programs for animal breeding with focus on genomics. Proc. of the World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 2018, 11–16.
Alio, A., Theurer, C., Lozano, O., Huber, J., Swingle, R., Delgado-Elorduy, A., Cuneo, P., DeYoung, D., Webb, K. Jr, Splanchnic nitrogen metabolism by growing beef steers fed diets containing sorghum grain flaked at different densities. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (2000), 1355–1363 https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.7851355x 10834592.
Ariyarathne, H.B.P.C., Correa-Luna, M., Blair, H., Garrick, D., Lopez-Villalobos, N., Can nitrogen excretion of dairy cows be reduced by genetic selection for low milk urea nitrogen concentration?. Animals (Basel), 11, 2021, 737 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030737 33800330.
Atashi, H., Chen, Y., Vanderick, S., Hubin, X., Gengler, N., Single-step genome-wide association analyses for milk urea concentration in Walloon Holstein. https://github.com/hadiatashi/Holstein-MU, 2023.
Atashi, H., Chen, Y., Wilmot, H., Vanderick, S., Hubin, X., Gengler, N., Genome-wide association for milk urea concentration in Dual-Purpose Belgian Blue cows. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 139 (2022), 710–722 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12732 35834354.
Atashi, H., Hostens, M., Genetic parameters for milk urea and its relationship with milk yield and compositions in Holstein dairy cows. PLoS One, 16, 2021, e0253191 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253191 34143805.
Atashi, H., Salavati, M., De Koster, J., Ehrlich, J., Crowe, M., Opsomer, G., Hostens, M., Genome-wide association for milk production and lactation curve parameters in Holstein dairy cows. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 137 (2020), 292–304 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12442 31576624.
Bao, M., Wang, K., Genome-wide association studies using a penalized moving-window regression. Bioinformatics 33 (2017), 3887–3894 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx522 28961706.
Bastin, C., Laloux, L., Gillon, A., Miglior, F., Soyeurt, H., Hammami, H., Bertozzi, C., Gengler, N., Modeling milk urea of Walloon dairy cows in management perspectives. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (2009), 3529–3540 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1904 19528631.
Beissinger, T.M., Rosa, G.J., Kaeppler, S.M., Gianola, D., de Leon, N., Defining window-boundaries for genomic analyses using smoothing spline techniques. Genet. Sel. Evol., 47, 2015, 30 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-015-0105-9 25928167.
Benedet, A., Ho, P., Xiang, R., Bolormaa, S., De Marchi, M., Goddard, M., Pryce, J., The use of mid-infrared spectra to map genes affecting milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 102 (2019), 7189–7203 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15890 31178181.
Bennewitz, J., Reinsch, N., Guiard, V., Fritz, S., Thomsen, H., Looft, C., Kühn, C., Schwerin, M., Weimann, C., Erhardt, G., Reinhardt, F., Reents, R., Boichard, D., Kalm, E., Multiple quantitative trait loci mapping with cofactors and application of alternative variants of the false discovery rate in an enlarged granddaughter design. Genetics 168 (2004), 1019–1027 https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.030296 15514072.
Buitenhuis, B., Poulsen, N.A., Gebreyesus, G., Larsen, L.B., Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle. BMC Genet., 17, 2016, 114 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0421-2 27485317.
Burgos, S.A., Embertson, N., Zhao, Y., Mitloehner, F., DePeters, E., Fadel, J., Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: Relation of milk urea nitrogen to ammonia emissions. J. Dairy Sci. 93 (2010), 2377–2386 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2415 20494146.
Burgos, S.A., Fadel, J., DePeters, E., Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: Relation of milk urea nitrogen to urine urea nitrogen excretion. J. Dairy Sci. 90 (2007), 5499–5508 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0299 18024741.
Butler, W.R., Calaman, J., Beam, S., Plasma and milk urea nitrogen in relation to pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (1996), 858–865 https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.744858x 8728008.
Chen, H.Y., Zhang, Q., Yin, C., Wang, C., Gong, W., Mei, G., Detection of quantitative trait loci affecting milk production traits on bovine chromosome 6 in a Chinese Holstein population by the daughter design. J. Dairy Sci. 89 (2006), 782–790 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72140-3 16428646.
Chen, Y., Atashi, H., Grelet, C., Vanderick, S., Hu, H., Gengler, N., Defining a nitrogen efficiency index in Holstein cows and assessing its potential effect on the breeding program of bulls. J. Dairy Sci. 105 (2022), 7575–7587 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-21681 35931481.
Chen, Y., Atashi, H., Vanderick, S., Mota, R., Soyeurt, H., Hammami, H., Gengler, N., Genetic analysis of milk urea concentration and its genetic relationship with selected traits of interest in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 104 (2021), 12741–12755 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-20659 34538498.
Chen, Y., Atashi, H., Vanderick, S., Mota, R., Soyeurt, H., Hammami, H., Gengler, N., Genome-wide association study and functional annotation analyses for nitrogen efficiency index and its composition traits in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 106 (2023), 3397–3410 36894424.
Clancey, E., Kiser, J.N., Moraes, J.G., Dalton, J., Spencer, T.E., Neibergs, H.L., Genome-wide association analysis and gene set enrichment analysis with SNP data identify genes associated with 305-day milk yield in Holstein dairy cows. Anim. Genet. 50 (2019), 254–258 https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12792 30994194.
Cole, J.B., Wiggans, G.R., Ma, L., Sonstegard, T.S., Lawlor, T.J. Jr., Crooker, B.A., Van Tassell, C.P., Yang, J., Wang, S., Matukumalli, L.K., Da, Y., Genome-wide association analysis of thirty one production, health, reproduction and body conformation traits in contemporary US Holstein cows. BMC Genomics, 12, 2011, 408 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-408 21831322.
Colinet, F., Soyeurt, H., Anceau, C., Vanlierde, A., Keyen, N., Dardenne, P., Gengler, N., Sindic, M., Potential estimation of titratable acidity in cow milk using mid-infrared spectrometry. ICAR Tech. Ser. 14 (2010), 239–243.
Colinet, F., Troch, T., Baeten, V., Dehareng, F., Dardenne, P., Sindic, M., Gengler, N., Genetic variability of MIR predicted milk technological properties in Walloon dairy cattle. Proc. Book of Abstracts of the 66th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, 2015, Wageningen Academic Publishers, 400.
Colinet, F., Troch, T., Vanden, B., Soyeurt, H., Abbas, O., Baeten, V., Dehareng, F., Froidmont, E., Sinnaeve, G., Dardenne, P., Mid-infrared prediction of cheese yield from milk and its genetic variability in first-parity cows. Book of Abstracts of the 64th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. 2013, Wageningen Academic Publishers https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-782-0.
Conte, G., Mele, M., Chessa, S., Castiglioni, B., Serra, A., Pagnacco, G., Secchiari, P., Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 gene polymorphisms and milk fatty acid composition in Italian Brown cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 93 (2010), 753–763 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2581 20105547.
Cruz, V.A., Oliveira, H.R., Brito, L.F., Fleming, A., Larmer, S., Miglior, F., Schenkel, F.S., Genome-Wide Association study for milk fatty acids in Holstein cattle accounting for the DGAT1 gene effect. Animals (Basel), 9, 2019, 997 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110997 31752271.
Diab, I.A., Hillers, J., Effect of selection for milk yield and dietary energy on yield traits, bovine somatotropin, and plasma urea nitrogen in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79 (1996), 682–688 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76414-7 8744234.
Elrod, C.C., Butler, W., Reduction of fertility and alteration of uterine pH in heifers fed excess ruminally degradable protein. J. Anim. Sci. 71 (1993), 694–701 https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.713694x 8463156.
Elrod, C.C., Van Amburgh, M., Butler, W., Alterations of pH in response to increased dietary protein in cattle are unique to the uterus. J. Anim. Sci. 71 (1993), 702–706 https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.713702x 8463157.
Godden, S.M., Lissemore, K., Kelton, D., Leslie, K., Walton, J., Lumsden, J., Factors associated with milk urea concentrations in Ontario dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84 (2001), 107–114 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74458-X 11210021.
Guinot-Thomas, P., Technological and microbiological consequences related to urea addition to milk. Aust. J. Dairy Technol., 47, 1992, 58.
Guo, K., Russek-Cohen, E., Varner, M.A., Kohn, R.A., Effects of milk urea nitrogen and other factors on probability of conception of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (2004), 1878–1885 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73346-9 15453505.
Habier, D., Fernando, R.L., Kizilkaya, K., Garrick, D.J., Extension of the Bayesian alphabet for genomic selection. BMC Bioinformatics, 12, 2011, 186 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-186 21605355.
Han, Y., Peñagaricano, F., Unravelling the genomic architecture of bull fertility in Holstein cattle. BMC Genet., 17, 2016, 143 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0454-6 27842509.
Hojman, D., Kroll, O., Adin, G., Gips, M., Hanochi, B., Ezra, E., Relationships between milk urea and production, nutrition, and fertility traits in Israeli dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (2004), 1001–1011 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73245-2 15259235.
ICAR, Section 2 – Guidelines for Dairy Cattle Milk Recording. Section 2 – Cattle Milk Recording Version May, 2022. https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/02-Overview-Cattle-Milk-Recording.pdf, 2022.
Jamrozik, J., Schaeffer, L., Estimates of genetic parameters for a test day model with random regressions for yield traits of first lactation Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (1997), 762–770 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)75996-4 9149971.
Jiang, L., Liu, J., Sun, D., Ma, P., Ding, X., Yu, Y., Zhang, Q., Genome wide association studies for milk production traits in Chinese Holstein population. PLoS One, 5, 2010, e13661 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013661 21048968.
Kucerová, J., Lund, M., Sørensen, P., Sahana, G., Guldbrandtsen, B., Nielsen, V., Thomsen, B., Bendixen, C., Multitrait quantitative trait loci mapping for milk production traits in Danish Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 89 (2006), 2245–2256 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72296-2 16702292.
Kuleshov, M.V., Jones, M.R., Rouillard, A.D., Fernandez, N.F., Duan, Q., Wang, Z., Koplev, S., Jenkins, S.L., Jagodnik, K.M., Lachmann, A., McDermott, M.G., Monteiro, C.D., Gundersen, G.W., Ma'ayan, A., Enrichr: A comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update. Nucleic Acids Res., 44(W1), 2016, W90-7 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw377 27141961.
Lin, S., Wan, Z., Zhang, J., Xu, L., Han, B., Sun, D., Genome-wide association studies for the concentration of albumin in colostrum and serum in Chinese Holstein. Animals (Basel), 10, 2020, 2211 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122211 33255903.
Ma, L., Luo, H., Brito, L.F., Chang, Y., Chen, Z., Lou, W., Zhang, F., Wang, L., Guo, G., Wang, Y., Estimation of genetic parameters and single-step genome-wide association studies for milk urea nitrogen in Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 106 (2023), 352–363 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-21857 36460511.
Martin, B., Coulon, J., Chamba, J., Bugaud, C., Effect of milk urea content on characteristics of matured Reblochon cheeses. Lait 77 (1997), 505–514 https://doi.org/10.1051/lait:1997436.
Maxa, J., Neuditschko, M., Russ, I., Förster, M., Medugorac, I., Genome-wide association mapping of milk production traits in Braunvieh cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 95 (2012), 5357–5364 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4673 22916942.
Medeiros de Oliveira Silva, R., Bonvino Stafuzza, N., de Oliveira Fragomeni, B., Miguel Ferreira de Camargo, G., Matos Ceacero, T., Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo, J., Baldi, F., Augusti Boligon, A., Zerlotti Mercadante, M.E., Lino Lourenco, D., Misztal, I., Galvão de Albuquerque, L., Genome-wide association study for carcass traits in an experimental Nelore cattle population. PLoS One, 12, 2017, e0169860 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169860 28118362.
Miglior, F., Sewalem, A., Jamrozik, J., Bohmanova, J., Lefebvre, D., Moore, R., Genetic analysis of milk urea nitrogen and lactose and their relationships with other production traits in Canadian Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 90 (2007), 2468–2479 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-487 17430951.
Mucha, S., Strandberg, E., Genetic analysis of milk urea nitrogen and relationships with yield and fertility across lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 94 (2011), 5665–5672 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3916 22032390.
Müller, C.B.M., Görs, S., Derno, M., Tuchscherer, A., Wimmers, K., Zeyner, A., Kuhla, B., Differences between Holstein dairy cows in renal clearance rate of urea affect milk urea concentration and the relationship between milk urea and urinary nitrogen excretion. Sci. Total Environ., 755, 2021, 143198 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143198 33162136.
Nayeri, S., Sargolzaei, M., Abo-Ismail, M.K., May, N., Miller, S.P., Schenkel, F., Moore, S.S., Stothard, P., Genome-wide association for milk production and female fertility traits in Canadian dairy Holstein cattle. BMC Genet., 17, 2016, 75 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0386-1 27287773.
Nousiainen, J., Shingfield, K., Huhtanen, P., Evaluation of milk urea nitrogen as a diagnostic of protein feeding. J. Dairy Sci. 87 (2004), 386–398 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73178-1 14762082.
Paiva, J.T., Mota, R.R., Lopes, P.S., Hammami, H., Vanderick, S., Oliveira, H.R., Veroneze, R., Fonseca e Silva, F., Gengler, N., Random regression test-day models to describe milk production and fatty acid traits in first lactation Walloon Holstein cows. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 139 (2022), 398–413 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12673 35201644.
Pausch, H., Emmerling, R., Gredler-Grandl, B., Fries, R., Daetwyler, H.D., Goddard, M.E., Meta-analysis of sequence-based association studies across three cattle breeds reveals 25 QTL for fat and protein percentages in milk at nucleotide resolution. BMC Genomics, 18, 2017, 853 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4263-8 29121857.
Pedrosa, V.B., Schenkel, F.S., Chen, S.-Y., Oliveira, H.R., Casey, T.M., Melka, M.G., Brito, L.F., Genomewide association analyses of lactation persistency and milk production traits in Holstein cattle based on imputed whole-genome sequence data. Genes (Basel), 12, 2021, 1830 https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12111830 34828436.
Rajala-Schultz, P.J., Saville, W., Frazer, G., Wittum, T., Association between milk urea nitrogen and fertility in Ohio dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84 (2001), 482–489 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74498-0 11233033.
Rosen, B.D., Bickhart, D.M., Schnabel, R.D., Koren, S., Elsik, C.G., Tseng, E., Rowan, T.N., Low, W.Y., Zimin, A., Couldrey, C., Hall, R., Li, W., Rhie, A., Ghurye, J., McKay, S.D., Thibaud-Nissen, F., Hoffman, J., Murdoch, B.M., Snelling, W.M., McDaneld, T.G., Hammond, J.A., Schwartz, J.C., Nandolo, W., Hagen, D.E., Dreischer, C., Schultheiss, S.J., Schroeder, S.G., Phillippy, A.M., Cole, J.B., Van Tassell, C.P., Liu, G., Smith, T.P.L., Medrano, J.F., De novo assembly of the cattle reference genome with single-molecule sequencing. Gigascience, 9, 2020, giaa021 https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa021 32191811.
Rzewuska, K., Strabel, T., Genetic parameters for milk urea concentration and milk traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. J. Appl. Genet. 54 (2013), 473–482 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-013-0159-8 23934506.
Rzewuska, K., Strabel, T., The genetic relationship between reproduction traits and milk urea concentration. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 33 (2015), 243–256.
Samoré, A., Romani, C., Rossoni, A., Frigo, E., Pedron, O., Bagnato, A., Genetic parameters for casein and urea content in the Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 6 (2007), 201–203.
Sanchez, M.-P., Govignon-Gion, A., Croiseau, P., Fritz, S., Hozé, C., Miranda, G., Martin, P., Barbat-Leterrier, A., Letaïef, R., Rocha, D., Brochard, M., Boussaha, M., Boichard, D., Within-breed and multi-breed GWAS on imputed whole-genome sequence variants reveal candidate mutations affecting milk protein composition in dairy cattle. Genet. Sel. Evol., 49, 2017, 68 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-017-0344-z 28923017.
Sanchez, M.-P., Govignon-Gion, A., Croiseau, P., Fritz, S., Hozé, C., Miranda, G., Martin, P., Barbat-Leterrier, A., Letaïef, R., Rocha, D., Brochard, M., Boussaha, M., Boichard, D., Within-breed and multi-breed GWAS on imputed whole-genome sequence variants reveal candidate mutations affecting milk protein composition in dairy cattle. Genet. Sel. Evol. 49 (2017), 1–16 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-017-0344-z 28923017.
Sargolzaei, M., Chesnais, J.P., Schenkel, F.S., A new approach for efficient genotype imputation using information from relatives. BMC Genomics, 15, 2014, 478 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-478 24935670.
Schepers, A.J., Meijer, R., Evaluation of the utilization of dietary nitrogen by dairy cows based on urea concentration in milk. J. Dairy Sci. 81 (1998), 579–584 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75611-5 9532512.
Schopen, G.C., Koks, P., Van Arendonk, J., Bovenhuis, H., Visker, M., Whole genome scan to detect quantitative trait loci for bovine milk protein composition. Anim. Genet. 40 (2009), 524–537 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01880.x 19397519.
Soares, R.A., Vargas, G., Duffield, T., Schenkel, F., Squires, E., Genome-wide association study and functional analyses for clinical and subclinical ketosis in Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 104 (2021), 10076–10089 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-20101 34099305.
Soyeurt, H., Bruwier, D., Romnee, J.-M., Gengler, N., Bertozzi, C., Veselko, D., Dardenne, P., Potential estimation of major mineral contents in cow milk using mid-infrared spectrometry. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (2009), 2444–2454 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1734 19447976.
Stoop, W.M., Bovenhuis, H., Van Arendonk, J., Genetic parameters for milk urea nitrogen in relation to milk production traits. J. Dairy Sci. 90 (2007), 1981–1986 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-434 17369239.
Suwannasing, R., Duangjinda, M., Boonkum, W., Taharnklaew, R., Tuangsithtanon, K., The identification of novel regions for reproduction trait in Landrace and Large White pigs using a single step genome-wide association study. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 31 (2018), 1852–1862 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0072 29879826.
Tiezzi, F., Parker-Gaddis, K.L., Cole, J.B., Clay, J.S., Maltecca, C., A genome-wide association study for clinical mastitis in first parity US Holstein cows using single-step approach and genomic matrix re-weighting procedure. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0114919 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114919 25658712.
Uwizeye, A., de Boer, I.J., Opio, C.I., Schulte, R.P., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Teillard, F., Casu, F., Rulli, M., Galloway, J.N., Leip, A., Erisman, J.W., Robinson, T.P., Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P.J., Nitrogen emissions along global livestock supply chains. Nat. Food 1 (2020), 437–446 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0113-y.
van den Berg, I., Ho, P.N., Haile-Mariam, M., Beatson, P.R., O'Connor, E., Pryce, J.E., Genetic parameters of blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen concentration in dairy cattle managed in pasture-based production systems of New Zealand and Australia. Anim. Prod. Sci. 61 (2021), 1801–1810 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN21049.
van den Berg, I., Ho, P.N., Nguyen, T.V., Haile-Mariam, M., MacLeod, I.M., Beatson, P.R., O'Connor, E., Pryce, J.E., GWAS and genomic prediction of milk urea nitrogen in Australian and New Zealand dairy cattle. Genet. Sel. Evol., 54, 2022, 15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-022-00707-9 35183113.
VanRaden, P.M., Efficient methods to compute genomic predictions. J. Dairy Sci. 91 (2008), 4414–4423 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0980 18946147.
Wang, Z., Potter, C.S., Sundberg, J.P., Hogenesch, H., SHARPIN is a key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 16 (2012), 2271–2279 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01574.x 22452937.
Wiggans, G.R., Sonstegard, T., VanRaden, P., Matukumalli, L., Schnabel, R., Taylor, J., Schenkel, F., Van Tassell, C., Selection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and quality of genotypes used in genomic evaluation of dairy cattle in the United States and Canada. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (2009), 3431–3436 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1758 19528621.