Understanding Smartphone Usage Behavior among Motorcycle Riders Using an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

The utilization of smartphones while driving (SPWD) poses a significant risk to road safety, particularly for motorcycle riders who are more prone to accidents. Despite this peril, SPWD has not received adequate attention. To address this gap, the present study expanded the theory of
planned behavior (TPB) by incorporating driving exposure and time pressure factors, utilizing the perspectives of the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory. The aim was to develop a comprehensive research framework that could provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms influencing SPWD among motorcycle drivers in Vietnam. The analysis of survey results, based on 485 valid responses from young drivers in Da Nang, revealed that time pressure was found to significantly influence the TPB factors related to the intention of using smartphones while driving. Moreover, driving exposure exhibited a positive impact on time pressure. All research hypotheses were supported, reinforcing the validity of the study's findings. These outcomes serve as a crucial point of reference for future research and have the potential to be expanded into quantitative studies to empirically test the relationships proposed in the model. Additionally, the study's results can inform the development of road safety policies and initiatives specifically targeting SPWD behavior among motorcycle riders in Vietnam.