[en] In the last decades, humanity has considerably altered the functioning of Earth, resulting in global and inter-related social, economic, and environmental crises. To address these crises, the concepts of ES and resilience look promising to understand the complexity of the social-ecological system (SES) and its dynamics. However, operational frameworks that bring together these two concepts are still lacking. We therefore propose the Navigate framework to guide the researchers and the managers in finding sustainable solutions, in other words safe and just strategies.
This framework was built from a literature review, interviews with leading experts, and feedback from its implementation in a case study.
The conceptual part of the Navigate framework illustrates the multiple interactions between nature and society, depicted by the ES, occurring at various scales. Following disturbances, the SES responds by either persisting, adapting or even transforming (i.e. three forms of resilience). The operational part of Navigate suggests six steps to follow in an iterative process: (1) define the system, (2) define the problem, the stakes and goals, (3) define the pathways, (4) assess the ES, (5) assess the resilience, and (6) design the action plan.
The implementation of this framework to a case study demonstrated that together ES and resilience with a participatory process gave a comprehensive picture of the SES, essential to making sound sustainable decisions. Indeed, the integrated assessment of ES combining various complementary methods highlights the stakeholders’ needs and perspectives, the various forms of knowledge, the scales, and the interactions. Resilience broadened the analysis by understanding how the important drivers impacted the SES and its ES.
In conclusion, the Navigate framework shows the way (i.e. which ES the stakeholders have requested) while considering the dynamic properties of the SES, amidst increasing social and ecological uncertainties, to navigate together toward sustainability.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Maebe, Laura ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre
Dufrêne, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité et Paysage
Claessens, Hugues ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières
Maréchal, Kevin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Modélisation et développement
Ligot, Gauthier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion des ressources forestières
Messier, Christian ; UQAM - Université du Québec à Montréal [CA] > Département des sciences biologiques ; UQO > Département des Sciences Naturelles > ISFORT
Language :
English
Title :
The Navigate framework: How the ecosystem services and resilience concepts can help us navigate in the current crises
Abson, D.J., von Wehrden, H., Baumgärtner, S., Fischer, J., Hanspach, J., Härdtle, W., Heinrichs, H., Klein, A.M., Lang, D.J., Martens, P., Walmsley, D., Ecosystem services as a boundary object for sustainability. Ecol. Econ. 103 (2014), 29–37, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.04.012.
Adger, W.N., Social and ecological resilience: are they related?. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 24 (2000), 347–364, 10.1191/030913200701540465.
Aerts, R., Honnay, O., Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. BMC Ecol., 11, 2011, 10.1186/1472-6785-11-29.
Albadvi, A., Chaharsooghi, S.K., Esfahanipour, A., Decision making in stock trading: An application of PROMETHEE. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 177 (2007), 673–683, 10.1016/j.ejor.2005.11.022.
Anderies, J.M., Folke, C., Walker, B., Ostrom, E., Aligning key concepts for global change policy: Robustness, resilience, and sustainability. Ecol. Soc., 18, 2013, 8, 10.5751/ES-05178-180208.
Arias-Arévalo, P., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Martín-López, B., Pérez-Rincón, M., Widening the Evaluative Space for Ecosystem Services: A Taxonomy of Plural Values and Valuation Methods. Environ. Values 27 (2018), 29–53.
Atkins, J.P., Gregory, A.J., Burdon, D., Elliott, M., Managing the Marine Environment: Is the DPSIR Framework Holistic Enough?. Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. 28 (2011), 497–508, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.012.
Baggio, J., Brown, K., Hellebrandt, D., Boundary object or bridging concept? A citation network analysis of resilience. Ecol. Soc., 20, 2015, 2, 10.5751/ES-07484-200202.
Bansept, A., Eau et forêt. 1re partie : L'influence des arbres sur la quantité des eaux. Rev. for. Fr. 65 (2013), 145–162, 10.4267/2042/51600.
Baral, H., Guariguata, M.R., Keenan, R.J., A proposed framework for assessing ecosystem goods and services from planted forests. Ecosyst. Serv. 22, Part B (2016), 260–268, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.002.
Barton, D., Harrison, P., Dunford, R., Gomez-Baggethun, E., Jacobs, S., Kelemen, E., Martín-López, B., Antunes, P., Aszalós, R., Badea, O., Baró, F., Berry, P., Carvalho, L., Czúcz, B., Demeyer, R., Dick, J., Garcia Blanco, G., Garcia Llorente, M., Giuca, R., Yli-Pelkonen, V., 2017. Integrated assessment and valuation of ecosystem services. Guidelines and experiences. EU FP7 OpenNESS Project Deliverable 33-44, European Commission FP7. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15429.35043.
Baskent, E.Z., Borges, J.G., Kašpar, J., Tahri, M., A Design for Addressing Multiple Ecosystem Services in Forest Management Planning. Forests, 11, 2020, 1108, 10.3390/f11101108.
Bastian, O., Haase, D., Grunewald, K., Ecosystem properties, potentials and services – The EPPS conceptual framework and an urban application example. Ecol. Indic. Challenges of Sustaining Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services 21 (2012), 7–16, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.03.014.
Bell, M.M., The Vitality of Difference: Systems Theory, the Environment, and the Ghost of Parsons. Soc. Nat. Resour. 18 (2005), 471–478, 10.1080/08941920590924963.
Bennett, E.M., Peterson, G.D., Gordon, L.J., Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services. Ecol. Lett. 12 (2009), 1394–1404, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01387.x.
Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Schoon, M.L., 2015. Principles for building resilience: Sustaining ecosystem services in social-ecological systems, Principles for Building Resilience: Sustaining Ecosystem Services in Social-Ecological Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316014240.
Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Biggs, D., Bohensky, E.L., BurnSilver, S., Cundill, G., Dakos, V., Daw, T.M., Evans, L.S., Kotschy, K., Leitch, A.M., Meek, C., Quinlan, A., Raudsepp-Hearne, C., Robards, M.D., Schoon, M.L., Schultz, L., West, P.C., Toward Principles for Enhancing the Resilience of Ecosystem Services. Annu. Rev. Env. Resour. 37 (2012), 421–448, 10.1146/annurev-environ-051211-123836.
Boesing, A.L., Prist, P.R., Barreto, J., Hohlenwerger, C., Maron, M., Rhodes, J.R., Romanini, E., Tambosi, L.R., Vidal, M., Metzger, J.P., Ecosystem services at risk: integrating spatiotemporal dynamics of supply and demand to promote long-term provision. One Earth 3 (2020), 704–713, 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.11.003.
Bradford, J.B., D'Amato, A.W., Recognizing trade-offs in multi-objective land management. Front. Ecol. Environ. 10 (2012), 210–216, 10.1890/110031.
Brand, F., Jax, K., Focusing the Meaning(s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object. Ecol. Soc., 12, 2007, 23, 10.5751/ES-02029-120123.
Brans, J.P., Vincke, P.h., Mareschal, B., How to select and how to rank projects: The Promethee method. Eur. J. Oper. Res. Mathematical Programming Multiple Criteria Decision Making 24 (1986), 228–238, 10.1016/0377-2217(86)90044-5.
Bretagnolle, V., Benoit, M., Bonnefond, M., Breton, V., Church, J., Gaba, S., Gilbert, D., Gillet, F., Glatron, S., Guerbois, C., Lamouroux, N., Lebouvier, M., Mazé, C., Mouchel, J.-M., Ouin, A., Pays, O., Piscart, C., Ragueneau, O., Servain, S., Spiegelberger, T., Fritz, H., Action-orientated research and framework: insights from the French long-term social-ecological research network. Ecol. Soc., 24, 2019, 10, 10.5751/ES-10989-240310.
Breyne, J., Dufrêne, M., Maréchal, K., How integrating “socio-cultural values” into ecosystem services evaluations can give meaning to value indicators. Ecosyst. Serv., 49, 2021, 101278, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101278.
Broadmeadow, S., Nisbet, T.R., The effects of riparian forest management on the freshwater environment: a literature review of best management practice. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 8 (2004), 286–305, 10.5194/hess-8-286-2004.
Brockerhoff, E.G., Barbaro, L., Castagneyrol, B., Forrester, D.I., Gardiner, B., González-Olabarria, J.R., Lyver, P.O., Meurisse, N., Oxbrough, A., Taki, H., Thompson, I.D., van der Plas, F., Jactel, H., Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Biodivers. Conserv. 26 (2017), 3005–3035, 10.1007/s10531-017-1453-2.
Brown, K., 2021. Multisystemic Resilience: An Emerging Perspective From Social-Ecological Systems, in: Multisystemic Resilience. Oxford University Press, New York. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0040.
Burkhard, B., Fath, B.D., Müller, F., 2011. Adapting the adaptive cycle: Hypotheses on the development of ecosystem properties and services. Ecol. Model., Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics in Ecology 222, 2878–2890. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.05.016.
Cannon, T., Müller-Mahn, D., Vulnerability, resilience and development discourses in context of climate change. Nat. Hazards 55 (2010), 621–635, 10.1007/s11069-010-9499-4.
Cantarello, E., Newton, A.C., Martin, P.A., Evans, P.M., Gosal, A., Lucash, M.S., Quantifying resilience of multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape. Ecol. Evol. 7 (2017), 9661–9675, 10.1002/ece3.3491.
Carpenter, S.R., Mooney, H.A., Agard, J., Capistrano, D., DeFries, R.S., Díaz, S., Dietz, T., Duraiappah, A.K., Oteng-Yeboah, A., Pereira, H.M., Perrings, C., Reid, W.V., Sarukhan, J., Scholes, R.J., Whyte, A., Science for managing ecosystem services: Beyond the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. PNAS 106 (2009), 1305–1312, 10.1073/pnas.0808772106.
Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Anderies, J.M., Abel, N., From Metaphor to Measurement: Resilience of What to What?. Ecosystems 4 (2001), 765–781, 10.1007/s10021-001-0045-9.
Carpenter, S.R., Westley, F., Turner, M.G., Surrogates for Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems. Ecosystems 8 (2005), 941–944, 10.1007/s10021-005-0170-y.
Cash, D., Adger, W.N., Berkes, F., Garden, P., Lebel, L., Olsson, P., Pritchard, L., Young, O., Scale and Cross-Scale Dynamics: Governance and Information in a Multilevel World. Ecol. Soc., 11, 2006, 8, 10.5751/ES-01759-110208.
Cavender-Bares, J., Polasky, S., King, E., Balvanera, P., A sustainability framework for assessing trade-offs in ecosystem services. Ecol. Soc., 20, 2015, 17, 10.5751/ES-06917-200117.
Chapin, F.S., Carpenter, S.R., Kofinas, G.P., Folke, C., Abel, N., Clark, W.C., Olsson, P., Smith, D.M.S., Walker, B., Young, O.R., Berkes, F., Biggs, R., Grove, J.M., Naylor, R.L., Pinkerton, E., Steffen, W., Swanson, F.J., Ecosystem stewardship: sustainability strategies for a rapidly changing planet. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25 (2010), 241–249, 10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.008.
Chapin, F.S., Folke, C., Kofinas, G.P., 2009a. A Framework for Understanding Change, in: Folke, C., Kofinas, G.P., Chapin, F.S. (Eds.), Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship. Springer, New York, USA, pp. 3–28. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-73033-2_1.
Chapin, F.S., Kofinas, G.P., Folke, C., 2009b. Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship: Resilience-Based Natural Resource Management in a Changing World. Springer, New York, USA. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-73033-2.
Chapin, F.S., Power, M.E., Pickett, S.T.A., Freitag, A., Reynolds, J.A., Jackson, R.B., Lodge, D.M., Duke, C., Collins, S.L., Power, A.G., Bartuska, A., Earth Stewardship: science for action to sustain the human-earth system. Ecosphere, 2, 2011, art89, 10.1890/ES11-00166.1.
Cheng, X., Van Damme, S., Li, L., Uyttenhove, P., Evaluation of cultural ecosystem services: A review of methods. Ecosyst. Serv., 37, 2019, 100925, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100925.
Colding, J., Barthel, S., Exploring the social-ecological systems discourse 20 years later. Ecol. Soc., 24, 2019, 2, 10.5751/ES-10598-240102.
Colloff, M.J., Lavorel, S., Wise, R.M., Dunlop, M., Overton, I.C., Williams, K.J., Adaptation services of floodplains and wetlands under transformational climate change. Ecol. Appl. 26 (2016), 1003–1017, 10.1890/15-0848.
Colloff, M.J., Martín-López, B., Lavorel, S., Locatelli, B., Gorddard, R., Longaretti, P.-Y., Walters, G., van Kerkhoff, L., Wyborn, C., Coreau, A., Wise, R.M., Dunlop, M., Degeorges, P., Grantham, H., Overton, I.C., Williams, R.D., Doherty, M.D., Capon, T., Sanderson, T., Murphy, H.T., An integrative research framework for enabling transformative adaptation. Environ Sci Policy 68 (2017), 87–96, 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.11.007.
Colson, C., Baix, P., 2021. PROJET DE PLAN D'AMENAGEMENT DE L'ENTITE P3486. Bois communaux de Sivry-Rance (3486). Service Public de Wallonie Agriculture Ressources naturelles environnement, Direction de Mons, Cantonnement de Thuin, Belgique.
Colson, V., Granet, A.-M., Vanwijnsberghe, S., 2012. Loisirs en forêt et gestion durable: l'aménagement récréatif et touristique intégré des massifs forestiers et des espaces naturels, France, Wallonie-Bruxelles, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Suisse. Presses agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgigue.
Crutzen, P.J., The “anthropocene”. J. Phys. IV Proc. 12 (2002), 1–5, 10.1051/jp4:20020447.
Daily, G.C., Nature's services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems. 1997, Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Daw, T., Brown, K., Rosendo, S., Pomeroy, R., Applying the ecosystem services concept to poverty alleviation: the need to disaggregate human well-being. Environ. Conserv. 38 (2011), 370–379, 10.1017/S0376892911000506.
Dawson, T.P., Rounsevell, M.D.A., Kluvánková-Oravská, T., Chobotová, V., Stirling, A., Dynamic properties of complex adaptive ecosystems: implications for the sustainability of service provision. Biodivers. Conserv. 19 (2010), 2843–2853, 10.1007/s10531-010-9892-z.
De Frenne, P., Zellweger, F., Rodríguez-Sánchez, F., Scheffers, B.R., Hylander, K., Luoto, M., Vellend, M., Verheyen, K., Lenoir, J., Global buffering of temperatures under forest canopies. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3 (2019), 744–749, 10.1038/s41559-019-0842-1.
De Frenne, P., Lenoir, J., Luoto, M., Scheffers, B.R., Zellweger, F., Aalto, J., Ashcroft, M.B., Christiansen, D.M., Decocq, G., De Pauw, K., Govaert, S., Greiser, C., Gril, E., Hampe, A., Jucker, T., Klinges, D.H., Koelemeijer, I.A., Lembrechts, J.J., Marrec, R., Meeussen, C., Ogée, J., Tyystjärvi, V., Vangansbeke, P., Hylander, K., Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda. Glob. Chang. Biol. 27 (2021), 2279–2297, 10.1111/gcb.15569.
Díaz, S., Demissew, S., Carabias, J., Joly, C., Lonsdale, M., Ash, N., Larigauderie, A., Adhikari, J.R., Arico, S., Báldi, A., Bartuska, A., Baste, I.A., Bilgin, A., Brondizio, E., Chan, K.M., Figueroa, V.E., Duraiappah, A., Fischer, M., Hill, R., Koetz, T., Leadley, P., Lyver, P., Mace, G.M., Martin-Lopez, B., Okumura, M., Pacheco, D., Pascual, U., Pérez, E.S., Reyers, B., Roth, E., Saito, O., Scholes, R.J., Sharma, N., Tallis, H., Thaman, R., Watson, R., Yahara, T., Hamid, Z.A., Akosim, C., Al-Hafedh, Y., Allahverdiyev, R., Amankwah, E., Asah, S.T., Asfaw, Z., Bartus, G., Brooks, L.A., Caillaux, J., Dalle, G., Darnaedi, D., Driver, A., Erpul, G., Escobar-Eyzaguirre, P., Failler, P., Fouda, A.M.M., Fu, B., Gundimeda, H., Hashimoto, S., Homer, F., Lavorel, S., Lichtenstein, G., Mala, W.A., Mandivenyi, W., Matczak, P., Mbizvo, C., Mehrdadi, M., Metzger, J.P., Mikissa, J.B., Moller, H., Mooney, H.A., Mumby, P., Nagendra, H., Nesshover, C., Oteng-Yeboah, A.A., Pataki, G., Roué, M., Rubis, J., Schultz, M., Smith, P., Sumaila, R., Takeuchi, K., Thomas, S., Verma, M., Yeo-Chang, Y., Zlatanova, D., The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. Open Issue 14 (2015), 1–16, 10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002.
Díaz, S., Pascual, U., Stenseke, M., Martín-López, B., Watson, R.T., Molnár, Z., Hill, R., Chan, K.M.A., Baste, I.A., Brauman, K.A., Polasky, S., Church, A., Lonsdale, M., Larigauderie, A., Leadley, P.W., van Oudenhoven, A.P.E., van der Plaat, F., Schröter, M., Lavorel, S., Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Y., Bukvareva, E., Davies, K., Demissew, S., Erpul, G., Failler, P., Guerra, C.A., Hewitt, C.L., Keune, H., Lindley, S., Shirayama, Y., Assessing nature's contributions to people. Science 359 (2018), 270–272, 10.1126/science.aap8826.
Dressler, G., Groeneveld, J., Buchmann, C.M., Guo, C., Hase, N., Thober, J., Frank, K., Müller, B., 2019. Implications of behavioral change for the resilience of pastoral systems—Lessons from an agent-based model. Ecol. Complex. 40, Part B, 100710. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2018.06.002.
Duraiappah, A.K., Asah, S.T., Brondizio, E.S., Kosoy, N., O'Farrell, P.J., Prieur-Richard, A.-H., Subramanian, S.M., Takeuchi, K., 2014. Managing the mismatches to provide ecosystem services for human well-being: a conceptual framework for understanding the New Commons. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., Environmental change issues 7, 94–100. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.031.
Egli, L., Weise, H., Radchuk, V., Seppelt, R., Grimm, V., 2019. Exploring resilience with agent-based models: State of the art, knowledge gaps and recommendations for coping with multidimensionality. Ecol. Complex. 40, Part B, 100718. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2018.06.008.
Enfors, E., Social–ecological traps and transformations in dryland agro-ecosystems: Using water system innovations to change the trajectory of development. Glob. Environ. Change 23 (2013), 51–60, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.007.
Enfors-Kautsky, E., Järnberg, L., Quinlan, A., Ryan, P., Wayfinder: a new generation of resilience practice. Ecol. Soc., 26, 2021, 39, 10.5751/ES-12176-260239.
Evans, N.M., Ecosystem Services: On Idealization and Understanding Complexity. Ecol. Econ. 156 (2019), 427–430, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.10.014.
Fedele, G., Locatelli, B., Djoudi, H., Mechanisms mediating the contribution of ecosystem services to human well-being and resilience. Ecosyst. Serv. 28 (2017), 43–54, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.011.
Feld, C.K., Sousa, J.P., da Silva, P.M., Dawson, T.P., Indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem services: towards an improved framework for ecosystems assessment. Biodivers. Conserv. 19 (2010), 2895–2919, 10.1007/s10531-010-9875-0.
Field, R.D., Parrott, L., Multi-ecosystem services networks: A new perspective for assessing landscape connectivity and resilience. Ecol. Complex. 32 (2017), 31–41, 10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.08.004.
Fischer, J., Lindenmayer, D.B., Manning, A.D., Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes. Front. Ecol. Environ. 4 (2006), 80–86, 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0080:BEFART]2.0.CO;2.
Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., Holling, C.S., Walker, B., Resilience and Sustainable Development: Building Adaptive Capacity in a World of Transformations. Ambio 31 (2002), 437–440, 10.1579/0044-7447-31.5.437.
Folke, C., 2006. Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Glob. Environ. Change, Resilience, Vulnerability, and Adaptation: A Cross-Cutting Theme of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change 16, 253–267. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002.
Frey, S.J.K., Hadley, A.S., Johnson, S.L., Schulze, M., Jones, J.A., Betts, M.G., Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old-growth forests. Sci. Adv., 2, 2016, e1501392.
Fuller, L., Quine, C.P., Resilience and tree health: a basis for implementation in sustainable forest management. Forestry 89 (2016), 7–19, 10.1093/forestry/cpv046.
Gerhardt, P., Arnold, J.M., Hackländer, K., Hochbichler, E., Determinants of deer impact in European forests – A systematic literature analysis. For. Ecol. Manag. 310 (2013), 173–186, 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.030.
Grêt-Regamey, A., Sirén, E., Brunner, S.H., Weibel, B., Review of decision support tools to operationalize the ecosystem services concept. Ecosyst. Serv. Putting ES into Practice 26 (2017), 306–315, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.012.
Grima, N., Singh, S.J., Smetschka, B., Decision making in a complex world: Using OPTamos in a multi-criteria process for land management in the Cuitzmala watershed in Mexico. Land Use Policy 67 (2017), 73–85, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.025.
Guerry, A.D., Polasky, S., Lubchenco, J., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Daily, G.C., Griffin, R., Ruckelshaus, M., Bateman, I.J., Duraiappah, A., Elmqvist, T., Feldman, M.W., Folke, C., Hoekstra, J., Kareiva, P.M., Keeler, B.L., Li, S., McKenzie, E., Ouyang, Z., Reyers, B., Ricketts, T.H., Rockström, J., Tallis, H., Vira, B., Natural capital and ecosystem services informing decisions: From promise to practice. PNAS 112 (2015), 7348–7355, 10.1073/pnas.1503751112.
Haesen, S., Lembrechts, J.J., De Frenne, P., Lenoir, J., Aalto, J., Ashcroft, M.B., Kopecký, M., Luoto, M., Maclean, I., Nijs, I., Niittynen, P., van den Hoogen, J., Arriga, N., Brůna, J., Buchmann, N., Čiliak, M., Collalti, A., De Lombaerde, E., Descombes, P., Gharun, M., Goded, I., Govaert, S., Greiser, C., Grelle, A., Gruening, C., Hederová, L., Hylander, K., Kreyling, J., Kruijt, B., Macek, M., Máliš, F., Man, M., Manca, G., Matula, R., Meeussen, C., Merinero, S., Minerbi, S., Montagnani, L., Muffler, L., Ogaya, R., Penuelas, J., Plichta, R., Portillo-Estrada, M., Schmeddes, J., Shekhar, A., Spicher, F., Ujházyová, M., Vangansbeke, P., Weigel, R., Wild, J., Zellweger, F., Van Meerbeek, K., ForestTemp – Sub-canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests. Glob. Chang. Biol. 27 (2021), 6307–6319, 10.1111/gcb.15892.
Haines-Young, R., Potschin, M., 2010. The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being, in: Raffaelli, D.G., Frid, C. (Eds.), Ecosystem Ecology: A New Synthesis, BES Biological Reviews Series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 110–139. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511750458.007.
Hall, P.A., Lamont, M., 2013. Social Resilience in the Neoliberal Era. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139542425.
Hansen, W., Generalizable principles for ecosystem stewardship-based management of social-ecological systems: lessons learned from Alaska. Ecol. Soc., 19, 2014, 13, 10.5751/ES-06907-190413.
Harrison, P.A., Dunford, R., Barton, D.N., Kelemen, E., Martín-López, B., Norton, L., Termansen, M., Saarikoski, H., Hendriks, K., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Czúcz, B., García-Llorente, M., Howard, D., Jacobs, S., Karlsen, M., Kopperoinen, L., Madsen, A., Rusch, G., van Eupen, M., Verweij, P., Smith, R., Tuomasjukka, D., Zulian, G., Selecting methods for ecosystem service assessment: a decision tree approach. Ecosyst. Serv., SI: Synthesizing OpenNESS 29 (2018), 481–498, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.016.
Hogan, K.F.E., Nash, K.L., Bennett, E., 2021. Adaptive Management of Ecosystem Services for Multisystemic Resilience: Iterative Feedback Between Application and Theory, in: Multisystemic Resilience. Oxford University Press, New York. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0038.
Holling, C.S., Gunderson, L.H., 2002. Resilience and adaptive cycles, in: Gunderson, L.H., Holling, C.S. (Eds.), Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 25–62.
Horcea-Milcu, A.-I., Martín-López, B., Lam, D., Lang, D., Research pathways to foster transformation: linking sustainability science and social-ecological systems research. Ecol. Soc., 25, 2020, 13, 10.5751/ES-11332-250113.
Howe, C., Suich, H., Vira, B., Mace, G.M., Creating win-wins from trade-offs? Ecosystem services for human well-being: A meta-analysis of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in the real world. Glob. Environ. Change 28 (2014), 263–275, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.005.
Ikematsu, P., Quintanilha, J.A., A review of ecosystems services trade-offs, synergies and scenarios modelling for policy development support. Desenvolv. E Meio Ambiente 54 (2020), 518–536, 10.5380/DMA.V54I0.72871.
IPBES, 2016. The methodological assessment report on scenarios and models of biodiversity and ecosystem services. IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3235428.
IPBES, 2019. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. doi: 110.5281/zenodo.3553579.
IPBES, 2022. Methodological assessment regarding the diverse conceptualization of multiple values of nature and its benefits, including biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6522522.
Jacobs, S., Martín-López, B., Barton, D.N., Dunford, R., Harrison, P.A., Kelemen, E., Saarikoski, H., Termansen, M., García-Llorente, M., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Kopperoinen, L., Luque, S., Palomo, I., Priess, J.A., Rusch, G.M., Tenerelli, P., Turkelboom, F., Demeyer, R., Hauck, J., Keune, H., Smith, R., The means determine the end – Pursuing integrated valuation in practice. Ecosyst. Serv., SI: Synthesizing OpenNESS 29 (2018), 515–528, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.07.011.
Jactel, H., Branco, M., Duncker, P., Gardiner, B., Grodzki, W., Langstrom, B., Moreira, F., Netherer, S., Nicoll, B., Orazio, C., Piou, D., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tojic, K., A Multicriteria Risk Analysis to Evaluate Impacts of Forest Management Alternatives on Forest Health in Europe. Ecol. Soc., 17, 2012, 52, 10.5751/ES-04897-170452.
Jactel, H., Moreira, X., Castagneyrol, B., Tree Diversity and Forest Resistance to Insect Pests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Prospects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 66 (2021), 277–296, 10.1146/annurev-ento-041720-075234.
Kachler, J., Isaac, R., Martín-López, B., Bonn, A., Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Co-production of nature's contributions to people: What evidence is out there?. People Nat. 5 (2023), 1–16, 10.1002/pan3.10493.
Kareiva, P., Watts, S., McDonald, R., Boucher, T., Domesticated Nature: Shaping Landscapes and Ecosystems for Human Welfare. Science 316 (2007), 1866–1869, 10.1126/science.1140170.
Kiker, G.A., Bridges, T.S., Varghese, A., Seager, T.P., Linkov, I., Application of multicriteria decision analysis in environmental decision making. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 1 (2005), 95–108, 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-015.1.
Kilonzi, F.M., Ota, T., Influence of cultural contexts on the appreciation of different cultural ecosystem services based on social network analysis. One Ecosyst., 4, 2019, e33368.
Kull, C.A., Arnauld de Sartre, X., Castro-Larrañaga, M., The political ecology of ecosystem services. Geoforum 61 (2015), 122–134, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.03.004.
Kwa, C., 2002. Romantic and Baroque Conceptions of Complex Wholes in the Sciences, in: Complexities: Social Studies of Knowledge Practices. Duke University Press, pp. 23–53. doi: 10.1515/9780822383550-002.
Lade, S., Walker, B., Haider, L., Resilience as pathway diversity: linking systems, individual, and temporal perspectives on resilience. Ecol. Soc., 25, 2020, 19, 10.5751/ES-11760-250319.
Latte, N., Colinet, G., Fayolle, A., Lejeune, P., Hébert, J., Claessens, H., Bauwens, S., Description of a new procedure to estimate the carbon stocks of all forest pools and impact assessment of methodological choices on the estimates. Eur. J. For. Res. 132 (2013), 565–577, 10.1007/s10342-013-0701-6.
Lauerburg, R.A.M., Diekmann, R., Blanz, B., Gee, K., Held, H., Kannen, A., Möllmann, C., Probst, W.N., Rambo, H., Cormier, R., Stelzenmüller, V., Socio-ecological vulnerability to tipping points: A review of empirical approaches and their use for marine management. Sci. Total Environ., 705, 2020, 135838, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135838.
Lavorel, S., Colloff, M.J., Locatelli, B., Gorddard, R., Prober, S.M., Gabillet, M., Devaux, C., Laforgue, D., Peyrache-Gadeau, V., Mustering the power of ecosystems for adaptation to climate change. Environ Sci Policy 92 (2019), 87–97, 10.1016/j.envsci.2018.11.010.
Lebel, L., Anderies, J., Campbell, B., Folke, C., Hatfield-Dodds, S., Hughes, T., Wilson, J., Governance and the Capacity to Manage Resilience in Regional Social-Ecological Systems. Ecol. Soc., 11, 2006, 19, 10.5751/ES-01606-110119.
Lejeune, P., Claessens, H., Alderweireld, M., Rondeux, J., Vers une gestion intégrée et participative de la forêt ? L'exemple de la Commune de Nassogne. For. Wallonne 86 (2007), 11–23.
Li, T., Dong, Y., Liu, Z., A review of social-ecological system resilience: Mechanism, assessment and management. Sci. Total Environ., 723, 2020, 138113, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138113.
Lin, Q., Zhang, K., Shen, J., Liu, E., Integrating long-term dynamics of ecosystem services into restoration and management of large shallow lakes. Sci. Total Environ. 671 (2019), 66–75, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.307.
Lovens, A., Turkelboom, F., Demeyer, R., García-Llorente, M., Hauck, J., Kelemen, E., Teng, C., Tersteeg, J., Martin-Lopez, B., Pataki, G., Schiffer, E., 2014. OpenNESS manual: Stakeholder analysis for environmental decision-making at local level. Publication developed in the framework of OpenNESS. EC FP7 Grant Agreement no. 308428. INBO, Brussels, Belgium.
MA, 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis, Island Press. ed. Washington, D.C., USA.
Maebe, L., Claessens, H., Dufrêne, M., The critical role of abiotic factors and human activities in the supply of ecosystem services in the ES matrix. One Ecosyst., 4, 2019, e34769.
Marini, L., Ayres, M.P., Jactel, H., Impact of Stand and Landscape Management on Forest Pest Damage. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 67 (2022), 181–199, 10.1146/annurev-ento-062321-065511.
Martin, D.M., Mazzotta, M., 2018. Non-monetary valuation using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: Using a strength-of-evidence approach to inform choices among alternatives. Ecosyst. Serv., Demonstrating transparent, feasible, and useful uncertainty assessment in ecosystem services modeling. 33, 124–133. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.06.001.
Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N.L., Stephens, S.L., Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecol. Appl. Publ. Ecol. Soc. Am. 17 (2007), 2145–2151, 10.1890/06-1715.1.
Moberg, F., Hauge Simonsen, S., 2014. What is resilience? | What is resilience? [WWW Document]. What Resil. Introd. Soc.-Ecol. Res. Stockh. Resil. Cent. URL https://whatisresilience.org/en/start-en/ (accessed 9.11.19).
Mooney, H., Larigauderie, A., Cesario, M., Elmquist, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lavorel, S., Mace, G.M., Palmer, M., Scholes, R., Yahara, T., Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 1 (2009), 46–54, 10.1016/j.cosust.2009.07.006.
Morelle, K., Lejeune, P., Seasonal variations of wild boar Sus scrofa distribution in agricultural landscapes: a species distribution modelling approach. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 61 (2015), 45–56.
Munns, W.R., Rea, A.W., Mazzotta, M.J., Wainger, L.A., Saterson, K., Toward a standard lexicon for ecosystem services. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 11 (2015), 666–673, 10.1002/ieam.1631.
Nahlik, A.M., Kentula, M.E., Fennessy, M.S., Landers, D.H., Where is the consensus? A proposed foundation for moving ecosystem service concepts into practice. Ecol. Econ. 77 (2012), 27–35, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.01.001.
Nelson, E., Mendoza, G., Regetz, J., Polasky, S., Tallis, H., Cameron, R., Chan, K.M., Daily, G.C., Goldstein, J., Kareiva, P.M., Lonsdorf, E., Naidoo, R., Ricketts, T.H., Shaw, R., Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7 (2009), 4–11, 10.1890/080023.
Newton, A.C., Biodiversity Risks of Adopting Resilience as a Policy Goal. Conserv. Lett. 9 (2016), 369–376, 10.1111/conl.12227.
Nikinmaa, L., Lindner, M., Cantarello, E., Jump, A.S., Seidl, R., Winkel, G., Muys, B., Reviewing the Use of Resilience Concepts in Forest Sciences. Curr. for. Rep. 6 (2020), 61–80, 10.1007/s40725-020-00110-x.
Norgaard, R.B., 2010. Ecosystem services: From eye-opening metaphor to complexity blinder. Ecol. Econ., Special Section - Payments for Environmental Services: Reconciling Theory and Practice 69, 1219–1227. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.009.
Oikonomou, V., Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., Troumbis, A.Y., Incorporating Ecosystem Function Concept in Environmental Planning and Decision Making by Means of Multi-Criteria Evaluation: The Case-Study of Kalloni, Lesbos. Greece. Environ. Manage. 47 (2011), 77–92, 10.1007/s00267-010-9575-2.
Olah, B., Kunca, V., Gallay, I., Assessing the Potential of Forest Stands for Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms as a Subsistence Ecosystem Service for Socially Disadvantaged People: A Case Study from Central Slovakia. Forests, 11, 2020, 282, 10.3390/f11030282.
Olsson, L., Jerneck, A., Thoren, H., Persson, J., O'Byrne, D., Why resilience is unappealing to social science: Theoretical and empirical investigations of the scientific use of resilience. Sci. Adv., 1, 2015, e1400217.
Pairon, M., Liekens, I., Broekx, S., Dufrêne, M., 2022. Adaptation du logiciel Nature Value Explorer développé par le VITO, en vue de disposer d'un outil opérationnel d’évaluation des services écosystémiques en Wallonie - Manuel utilisateur. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège) & VITO, Gembloux, Belgique.
Palomo, I., Felipe-Lucia, M.R., Bennett, E.M., Martín-López, B., Pascual, U., 2016. Chapter Six - Disentangling the Pathways and Effects of Ecosystem Service Co-Production, in: Woodward, G., Bohan, D.A. (Eds.), Advances in Ecological Research, Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 2. Academic Press, pp. 245–283. doi: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.003.
Palomo, I., Martín-López, B., López-Santiago, C., Montes, C., Participatory Scenario Planning for Protected Areas Management under the Ecosystem Services Framework: the Doñana Social-Ecological System in Southwestern Spain. Ecol. Soc., 16, 2011, 23, 10.5751/ES-03862-160123.
Persson, L., Carney Almroth, B.M., Collins, C.D., Cornell, S., de Wit, C.A., Diamond, M.L., Fantke, P., Hassellöv, M., MacLeod, M., Ryberg, M.W., Søgaard Jørgensen, P., Villarrubia-Gómez, P., Wang, Z., Hauschild, M.Z., Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities. Environ. Sci. Tech. 56 (2022), 1510–1521, 10.1021/acs.est.1c04158.
Peter, S., Integrating Key Insights of Sociological Risk Theory into the Ecosystem Services Framework. Sustainability, 12, 2020, 6437, 10.3390/su12166437.
Pilz, D., Molina, R., Danell, E., Waring, R., Rose, C., Alexander, S., Luoma, D., Jr, K.C., Lefevre, C., 2001. SilviShrooms: Predicting edible mushroom productivity using forest carbon allocation modelling and immunoassays of ectomycorrhizae, in: EDIBLE MYCORRHIZAL MUSHROOMS AND THEIR CULTIVATION. Presented at the Second International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, 3-6 July 2001, pp. 1–10.
Polasky, S., Nelson, E., Pennington, D., Johnson, K.A., The Impact of Land-Use Change on Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Returns to Landowners: A Case Study in the State of Minnesota. Environ. Resour. Econ. 48 (2011), 219–242, 10.1007/s10640-010-9407-0.
Pommerening, A., Murphy, S.T., A review of the history, definitions and methods of continuous cover forestry with special attention to afforestation and restocking. For. Int. J. for. Res. 77 (2004), 27–44, 10.1093/forestry/77.1.27.
Raworth, K., Why it's time for Doughnut Economics. IPPR Progress. Rev. 24 (2017), 216–222, 10.1111/newe.12058.
Raworth, K., 2012. A Safe and Just Space for Humanity: Can we live within the doughnut? doi: 10.1163/2210-7975_HRD-9824-0069.
Redman, C., Should sustainability and resilience be combined or remain distinct pursuits?. Ecol. Soc., 19, 2014, 37, 10.5751/ES-06390-190237.
Reimoser, S., Partl, E., Reimoser, F., Vospernik, S., Roe-deer habitat suitability and predisposition of forest to browsing damage in its dependence on forest growth—Model sensitivity in an alpine forest region. Ecol. Model. 220 (2009), 2231–2243, 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.05.022.
Renard, D., Rhemtulla, J.M., Bennett, E.M., Historical dynamics in ecosystem service bundles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112 (2015), 13411–13416, 10.1073/pnas.1502565112.
Reyers, B., Nel, J., O'Farrell, P., Sitas, N., Nel, D.C., Navigating complexity through knowledge coproduction: Mainstreaming ecosystem services into disaster risk reduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112 (2015), 1–7, 10.1073/pnas.1414374112.
Rist, L., Moen, J., Sustainability in forest management and a new role for resilience thinking. For. Ecol. Manag. 310 (2013), 416–427, 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.033.
Robards, M.D., Schoon, M.L., Meek, C.L., Engle, N.L., 2011. The importance of social drivers in the resilient provision of ecosystem services. Glob. Environ. Change, Special Issue on The Politics and Policy of Carbon Capture and Storage 21, 522–529. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.12.004.
Roberts, S., 2020. European Bee Traits database built as part of the EU FP6 ALARM and EU FP7 STEP projects.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F.S., Lambin, E.F., Lenton, T.M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H.J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C.A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P.K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R.W., Fabry, V.J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P., Foley, J.A., A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461 (2009), 472–475, 10.1038/461472a.
Rodríguez, J., Beard, J., Bennett, E., Cumming, G., Cork, S., Agard, J., Dobson, A., Peterson, G., Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecol. Soc., 11, 2006, 28, 10.5751/ES-01667-110128.
Ruhl, J.B., Chapin, F.S., 2014. Ecosystem Services, Ecosystem Resilience, and Resilience of Ecosystem Management Policy, in: Garmestani, A.S., Allen, C.R. (Eds.), Social-Ecological Resilience and Law 204. Columbia University Press, New York, USA, pp. 14–38.
Ruiz-Mallén, I., Corbera, E., Calvo-Boyero, D., Reyes-García, V., Participatory scenarios to explore local adaptation to global change in biosphere reserves: Experiences from Bolivia and Mexico. Environ Sci Policy 54 (2015), 398–408, 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.07.027.
Runting, R.K., Bryan, B.A., Dee, L.E., Maseyk, F.J.F., Mandle, L., Hamel, P., Wilson, K.A., Yetka, K., Possingham, H.P., Rhodes, J.R., Incorporating climate change into ecosystem service assessments and decisions: a review. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23 (2017), 28–41, 10.1111/gcb.13457.
Sarkki, S., Ficko, A., Wielgolaski, F.E., Abraham, E.M., Bratanova-Doncheva, S., Grunewald, K., Hofgaard, A., Holtmeier, F.-K., Kyriazopoulos, A.P., Broll, G., Nijnik, M., Sutinen, M.-L., Assessing the resilient provision of ecosystem services by social-ecological systems: introduction and theory. Clim. Res. 34 (2017), 1–9, 10.3354/cr01437.
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J.A., Folke, C., Walker, B., Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 413 (2001), 591–596, 10.1038/35098000.
Schoon, M.L., Robards, M.D., Brown, K., Engle, N., Meek, C.L., Biggs, R., 2015. Politics and the resilience of ecosystem services, in: Biggs, R., Schluter, M., Schoon, M.L. (Eds.), Principles for Building Resilience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 32–49. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316014240.003.
Schröter, M., van der Zanden, E.H., van Oudenhoven, A.P.E., Remme, R.P., Serna-Chavez, H.M., de Groot, R.S., Opdam, P., Ecosystem Services as a Contested Concept: a Synthesis of Critique and Counter-Arguments. Conserv. Lett. 7 (2014), 514–523, 10.1111/conl.12091.
Schröter, M., Stumpf, K.H., Loos, J., van Oudenhoven, A.P.E., Böhnke-Henrichs, A., Abson, D.J., Refocusing ecosystem services towards sustainability. Ecosyst. Serv. 25 (2017), 35–43, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.03.019.
Seidl, R., The Shape of Ecosystem Management to Come: Anticipating Risks and Fostering Resilience. Bioscience 64 (2014), 1159–1169, 10.1093/biosci/biu172.
Seidl, R., Lexer, M.J., Forest management under climatic and social uncertainty: Trade-offs between reducing climate change impacts and fostering adaptive capacity. J. Environ. Manage. 114 (2013), 461–469, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.028.
Shahadu, H., Towards an umbrella science of sustainability. Sustain. Sci. 11 (2016), 777–788, 10.1007/s11625-016-0375-3.
Shao, X., Cheng, K., Kong, Y., Zhang, Q., Yang, X., Effects of tree diversity on insect herbivory. J. For. Res. 33 (2022), 391–396, 10.1007/s11676-020-01274-9.
Spake, R., Bellamy, C., Gill, R., Watts, K., Wilson, T., Ditchburn, B., Eigenbrod, F., Forest damage by deer depends on cross-scale interactions between climate, deer density and landscape structure. J. Appl. Ecol. 57 (2020), 1376–1390, 10.1111/1365-2664.13622.
Staab, M., Schuldt, A., The Influence of Tree Diversity on Natural Enemies—a Review of the “Enemies” Hypothesis in Forests. Curr. for. Rep. 6 (2020), 243–259, 10.1007/s40725-020-00123-6.
Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S.E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E.M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S.R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C.A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G.M., Persson, L.M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., Sörlin, S., Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 347 (2015), 736–746, 10.1126/science.1259855.
Sutherland, I.J., Bennett, E.M., Gergel, S.E., Recovery trends for multiple ecosystem services reveal non-linear responses and long-term tradeoffs from temperate forest harvesting. For. Ecol. Manag. 374 (2016), 61–70, 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.037.
Temperli, C., Bugmann, H., Elkin, C., Adaptive management for competing forest goods and services under climate change. Ecol. Appl. 22 (2012), 2065–2077, 10.1890/12-0210.1.
Thom, D., Seidl, R., Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests. Biol. Rev. 91 (2016), 760–781, 10.1111/brv.12193.
Tomao, A., Bonet, J.A., Martínez de Aragón, J., de-Miguel, S., Is silviculture able to enhance wild forest mushroom resources? Current knowledge and future perspectives. For. Ecol. Manag. 402 (2017), 102–114, 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.07.039.
Tomao, A., Antonio Bonet, J., Castaño, C., de-Miguel, S., How does forest management affect fungal diversity and community composition? Current knowledge and future perspectives for the conservation of forest fungi. For. Ecol. Manag., 457, 2020, 117678, 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117678.
Tompkins, E.L., Few, R., Brown, K., Scenario-based stakeholder engagement: Incorporating stakeholders preferences into coastal planning for climate change. J. Environ. Manage. 88 (2008), 1580–1592, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.025.
Tozzi, A., An approach to pluralizing socionatural resilience through assemblages. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 45 (2021), 1–22, 10.1177/0309132520983471.
Turner, B.L., Kasperson, R.E., Matson, P.A., McCarthy, J.J., Corell, R.W., Christensen, L., Eckley, N., Kasperson, J.X., Luers, A., Martello, M.L., Polsky, C., Pulsipher, A., Schiller, A., A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100 (2003), 8074–8079, 10.1073/pnas.1231335100.
Van Strien, M.J., Huber, S.H., Anderies, J.M., Grêt-Regamey, A., Resilience in social-ecological systems: identifying stable and unstable equilibria with agent-based models. Ecol. Soc., 24, 2019, 10.5751/ES-10899-240208.
Vospernik, S., Reimoser, S., Modelling changes in roe deer habitat in response to forest management. For. Ecol. Manag. 255 (2008), 530–545, 10.1016/J.FORECO.2007.09.036.
Walker, B., Carpenter, S., Anderies, J., Abel, N., Cumming, G., Janssen, M., Lebel, L., Norberg, J., Peterson, G., Pritchard, R., Resilience Management in Social-ecological Systems: a Working Hypothesis for a Participatory Approach. Conserv. Ecol., 6, 2002, 14, 10.5751/ES-00356-060114.
Walker, B., Gunderson, L., Kinzig, A., Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Schultz, L., A Handful of Heuristics and Some Propositions for Understanding Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems. Ecol. Soc., 11, 2006, 13, 10.5751/ES-01530-110113.
Walker, B., Salt, D., Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World. 2006, Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Walker, B., Salt, D., Resilience Practice: Building Capacity to Absorb Disturbance and Maintain Function. 2012, Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Weichselgartner, J., Kelman, I., Geographies of resilience: Challenges and opportunities of a descriptive concept. Prog. Hum. Geogr. 39 (2014), 1–19, 10.1177/0309132513518834.
Weise, H., Auge, H., Baessler, C., Bärlund, I., Bennett, E.M., Berger, U., Bohn, F., Bonn, A., Borchardt, D., Brand, F., Chatzinotas, A., Corstanje, R., Laender, F.D., Dietrich, P., Dunker, S., Durka, W., Fazey, I., Groeneveld, J., Guilbaud, C.S.E., Harms, H., Harpole, S., Harris, J., Jax, K., Jeltsch, F., Johst, K., Joshi, J., Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Kuhlicke, C., Müller, B., Radchuk, V., Reuter, H., Rinke, K., Schmitt-Jansen, M., Seppelt, R., Singer, A., Standish, R.J., Thulke, H.-H., Tietjen, B., Weitere, M., Wirth, C., Wolf, C., Grimm, V., Resilience trinity: safeguarding ecosystem functioning and services across three different time horizons and decision contexts. Oikos 129 (2020), 445–456, 10.1111/oik.07213.
Winn, J.P., Bellamy, C.C., Fisher, T., 2015. EcoServ-GIS Version 3.3 (Great Britain): A toolkit for mapping ecosystem services. User Guide. The Wildlife Trusts.
Wu, J., Landscape sustainability science: Ecosystem services and human well-being in changing landscapes. Landsc. Ecol. 28 (2013), 999–1023, 10.1007/s10980-013-9894-9.
Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C., Williams, M., 2020. Chapter 31 - The Anthropocene, in: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., Ogg, G.M. (Eds.), Geologic Time Scale 2020. Elsevier, pp. 1257–1280. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824360-2.00031-0.
Zellweger, F., Coomes, D., Lenoir, J., Depauw, L., Maes, S.L., Wulf, M., Kirby, K.J., Brunet, J., Kopecký, M., Máliš, F., Schmidt, W., Heinrichs, S., den Ouden, J., Jaroszewicz, B., Buyse, G., Spicher, F., Verheyen, K., De Frenne, P., Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 28 (2019), 1774–1786, 10.1111/geb.12991.
Zhang, K., Kluck, C., Achari, G., A Comparative Approach for Ranking Contaminated Sites Based on the Risk Assessment Paradigm Using Fuzzy PROMETHEE. Environ. Manag., 44, 2009, 952, 10.1007/s00267-009-9368-7.