Flood basalt; Immiscibility; Large igneous province; Liquid line of descent; Phase equilibria; Geophysics; Geochemistry and Petrology
Résumé :
[en] Dichotomous high-Ti and low-Ti magmas are ubiquitous in large igneous provinces (LIPs). These magmas often form economically critical Fe–Ti oxide ores in layered intrusions via mechanisms that remain debated. To constrain the evolution of high-Ti and low-Ti basalts during fractionation, we performed stepwise equilibrium crystallization experiments at atmospheric pressure. We specifically aimed to quantify the influences of starting composition and oxygen fugacity (fO2) on phase stability, phase compositions, and the onset of silicate liquid immiscibility during cooling. Both types of magma crystallize similar phase assemblages at QFM (quartz–fayalite–magnetite thermodynamic equilibrium) and QFM + 2: olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, Fe–Ti oxides, and whitlockite. Tridymite crystallizes late in experiments at QFM + 2. The starting composition exerts a strong influence on phase and melt compositions. High CaO and Al2O3 contents in the melt favor the early crystallization of plagioclase and enhance FeO enrichment before Fe–Ti oxide saturation. fO2 affects the composition and stability of Fe–Ti oxides, and high fO2 conditions may promote melt differentiation into the calc-alkaline field. Silicate liquid immiscibility occurs in both compositional trajectories, producing Fe-rich melt globules in equilibrium with Si-rich melts. Strong iron enrichment is not necessary for immiscibility to develop; unmixing also occurs in Fe depleted compositions. We propose a new parameterization to map the binodal surface in temperature-composition space that successfully fits the two-liquid field in experiments and natural immiscible compositions. Our results indicate that Fe–Ti oxide ores in layered intrusions associated with LIPs form by the segregation of Fe-rich melts and/or the accumulation of early crystallized Fe–Ti oxides during fractionation.
Disciplines :
Sciences de la terre & géographie physique
Auteur, co-auteur :
Zhang, Yishen ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Namur, Olivier; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Charlier, Bernard ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Pétrologie, géochimie endogènes et pétrophysique
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Experimental study of high-Ti and low-Ti basalts: liquid lines of descent and silicate liquid immiscibility in large igneous provinces
Date de publication/diffusion :
2023
Titre du périodique :
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
ISSN :
0010-7999
eISSN :
1432-0967
Maison d'édition :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
We thank J. Berndt and T. D. van Gerve for assistance with microprobe analyses. R. Dennen is thanked for his help in editing the manuscript. We thank Othmar Müntener for editorial handling, Felix Marxer and Edmond Mathez for constructive reviews. The figures in this publication were produced using the Matplotlib python library and Adobe Illustrator. YZ was supported by an ERC Runner-up FWO grant to ON. ON acknowledges support from the KU Leuven through a KU Leuven Starting Grant and a FWO Odysseus project. BC is a Research Associate of the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS.
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