N. A. Benedek and C. J. Fennie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 107204 (2011) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.107204.
N. A. Benedek and M. A. Hayward, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 52, 331 (2022) 1531-7331 10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-010313.
A. Stroppa, P. Barone, P. Jain, J. M. Perez-Mato, and S. Picozzi, Adv. Mater. 25, 2284 (2013) 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.201204738.
Y. S. Oh, X. Luo, F.-T. Huang, Y. Wang, and S.-W. Cheong, Nat. Mater. 14, 407 (2015) 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat4168.
H. J. Zhao, J. Iniguez, W. Ren, X. M. Chen, and L. Bellaiche, Phys. Rev. B 89, 174101 (2014) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.174101.
E. Bousquet, M. Dawber, N. Stucki, C. Lichtensteiger, P. Hermet, S. Gariglio, J.-M. Triscone, and P. Ghosez, Nature (London) 452, 732 (2008) 0028-0836 10.1038/nature06817.
Y. Zhang, M. P. K. Sahoo, T. Shimada, T. Kitamura, and J. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 96, 144110 (2017) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.144110.
A. T. Mulder, N. A. Benedek, J. M. Rondinelli, and C. J. Fennie, Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 4810 (2013) 10.1002/adfm.201300210.
Y. Zhang, J. Wang, and P. Ghosez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 157601 (2020) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.157601.
S. Dong, H. Xiang, and E. Dagotto, Natl. Sci. Rev. 6, 629 (2019) 2095-5138 10.1093/nsr/nwz023.
T. Kim, D. Puggioni, Y. Yuan, L. Xie, H. Zhou, N. Campbell, P. Ryan, Y. Choi, J.-W. Kim, J. Patzner, Nature (London) 533, 68 (2016) 0028-0836 10.1038/nature17628.
S. Bhowal and N. A. Spaldin, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 53, 53 (2023) 1531-7331 10.1146/annurev-matsci-080921-105501.
S. Lei, M. Gu, D. Puggioni, G. Stone, J. Peng, J. Ge, Y. Wang, B. Wang, Y. Yuan, K. Wang, Nano Lett. 18, 3088 (2018) 1530-6984 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00633.
E. Bousquet and A. Cano, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28, 123001 (2016) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/28/12/123001.
S. Picozzi, K. Yamauchi, I. A. Sergienko, C. Sen, B. Sanyal, and E. Dagotto, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20, 434208 (2008) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/20/43/434208.
M. Mochizuki, N. Furukawa, and N. Nagaosa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 037205 (2010) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.037205.
Y. Tokura and S. Seki, Adv. Mater. 22, 1554 (2010) 0935-9648 10.1002/adma.200901961.
E. Bousquet and A. Cano, Phys. Sci. Rev. 8, 479 (2021).
I. A. Sergienko, C. Şen, and E. Dagotto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 227204 (2006) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.227204.
Y. Tokura, S. Seki, and N. Nagaosa, Rep. Prog. Phys. 77, 076501 (2014) 0034-4885 10.1088/0034-4885/77/7/076501.
W. Li, S. Niu, B. Zhao, R. Haiges, Z. Zhang, J. Ravichandran, and A. Janotti, Phys. Rev. Mater. 3, 101601 (R) (2019) 2475-9953 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.101601.
M. R. Filip, G. E. Eperon, H. J. Snaith, and F. Giustino, Nat. Commun. 5, 5757 (2014) 2041-1723 10.1038/ncomms6757.
Y. Zhang, M. Sahoo, Y. Liang, and G. Tang, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13, 9632 (2022) 1948-7185 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01992.
A. Amat, E. Mosconi, E. Ronca, C. Quarti, P. Umari, M. K. Nazeeruddin, M. Gratzel, and F. De Angelis, Nano Lett. 14, 3608 (2014) 1530-6984 10.1021/nl5012992.
W. Zhang, G. Tang, M. P. K. Sahoo, Y. Liang, and Y. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 105, 075150 (2022) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.105.075150.
A. Mercy, J. Bieder, J. Íñiguez, and P. Ghosez, Nat. Commun. 8, 1677 (2017) 2041-1723 10.1038/s41467-017-01811-x.
Z. Liao, N. Gauquelin, R. J. Green, K. Müller-Caspary, I. Lobato, L. Li, S. Van Aert, J. Verbeeck, M. Huijben, M. N. Grisolia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 115, 9515 (2018) 0027-8424 10.1073/pnas.1807457115.
Y. Zhang, M. M. Schmitt, A. Mercy, J. Wang, and P. Ghosez, Phys. Rev. B 98, 081108 (R) (2018) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.081108.
O. E. Peil, A. Hampel, C. Ederer, and A. Georges, Phys. Rev. B 99, 245127 (2019) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.99.245127.
J. H. Lee, K. T. Delaney, E. Bousquet, N. A. Spaldin, and K. M. Rabe, Phys. Rev. B 88, 174426 (2013) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.174426.
S. Catalano, M. Gibert, V. Bisogni, F. He, R. Sutarto, M. Viret, P. Zubko, R. Scherwitzl, G. A. Sawatzky, T. Schmitt, APL Mater. 3, 062506 (2015) 2166-532X 10.1063/1.4919803.
P. V. Balachandran and J. M. Rondinelli, Phys. Rev. B 88, 054101 (2013) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.054101.
J. Axe and M. Crawford, J. Low Temp. Phys. 95, 271 (1994) 0022-2291 10.1007/BF00754942.
W. E. Pickett, R. E. Cohen, and H. Krakauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 228 (1991) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.228.
N. L. Saini, A. Lanzara, H. Oyanagi, H. Yamaguchi, K. Oka, T. Ito, and A. Bianconi, Phys. Rev. B 55, 12759 (1997) 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.12759.
B. Büchner, M. Breuer, A. Freimuth, and A. P. Kampf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1841 (1994) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1841.
H. Akamatsu, Y. Kumagai, F. Oba, K. Fujita, K. Tanaka, and I. Tanaka, Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 1864 (2013) 1616301X 10.1002/adfm.201202477.
P. Barone, D. Di Sante, and S. Picozzi, Phys. Rev. B 89, 144104 (2014) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.144104.
C. Etz, I. V. Maznichenko, D. Böttcher, J. Henk, A. N. Yaresko, W. Hergert, I. I. Mazin, I. Mertig, and A. Ernst, Phys. Rev. B 86, 064441 (2012) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.064441.
R. Hornreich, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 7, 280 (1978) 0304-8853 10.1016/0304-8853(78)90203-2.
D. Treves, M. Eibschutz, and P. Coppens, Phys. Lett. 18, 216 (1965) 0031-9163 10.1016/0031-9163(65)90294-5.
M. L. Medarde, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9, 1679 (1997) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/9/8/003.
M. J. Pitcher, P. Mandal, M. S. Dyer, J. Alaria, P. Borisov, H. Niu, J. B. Claridge, and M. J. Rosseinsky, Science 347, 420 (2015) 0036-8075 10.1126/science.1262118.
S. Das, R. Dokala, B. Weise, R. Medwal, R. Rawat, P. Mishra, and S. Thota, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 34, 345803 (2022) 0953-8984 10.1088/1361-648X/ac711f.
L. Bellaiche, Z. Gui, and I. A. Kornev, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24, 312201 (2012) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/24/31/312201.
J. Blasco, J. L. García-Muñoz, J. García, G. Subías, J. Stankiewicz, J. A. Rodríguez-Velamazán, and C. Ritter, Phys. Rev. B 96, 024409 (2017) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.024409.
S. Ishihara, T. Hatakeyama, and S. Maekawa, Phys. Rev. B 65, 064442 (2002) 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064442.
L.-J. Yang, Y.-K. Weng, H.-M. Zhang, and S. Dong, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 476001 (2014) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/476001.
D. Li, K. Lee, B. Y. Wang, M. Osada, S. Crossley, H. R. Lee, Y. Cui, Y. Hikita, and H. Y. Hwang, Nature (London) 572, 624 (2019) 0028-0836 10.1038/s41586-019-1496-5.
M. Osada, B. Y. Wang, B. H. Goodge, K. Lee, H. Yoon, K. Sakuma, D. Li, M. Miura, L. F. Kourkoutis, and H. Y. Hwang, Nano Lett. 20, 5735 (2020) 1530-6984 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01392.
M. Hepting, D. Li, C. Jia, H. Lu, E. Paris, Y. Tseng, X. Feng, M. Osada, E. Been, Y. Hikita, Nat. Mater. 19, 381 (2020) 1476-1122 10.1038/s41563-019-0585-z.
H. Lu, M. Rossi, A. Nag, M. Osada, D. F. Li, K. Lee, B. Y. Wang, M. Garcia-Fernandez, S. Agrestini, Z. X. Shen, E. M. Been, B. Moritz, T. P. Devereaux, J. Zaanen, H. Y. Hwang, K.-J. Zhou, and W. S. Lee, Science 373, 213 (2021) 0036-8075 10.1126/science.abd7726.
B. Y. Wang, D. Li, B. H. Goodge, K. Lee, M. Osada, S. P. Harvey, L. F. Kourkoutis, M. R. Beasley, and H. Y. Hwang, Nat. Phys. 17, 473 (2021) 1745-2473 10.1038/s41567-020-01128-5.
Y. Xiang, Q. Li, Y. Li, H. Yang, Y. Nie, and H.-H. Wen, Chin. Phys. Lett. 38, 047401 (2021) 0256-307X 10.1088/0256-307X/38/4/047401.
D. Li, B. Y. Wang, K. Lee, S. P. Harvey, M. Osada, B. H. Goodge, L. F. Kourkoutis, and H. Y. Hwang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 027001 (2020) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.027001.
S. Zeng, C. S. Tang, X. Yin, C. Li, M. Li, Z. Huang, J. Hu, W. Liu, G. J. Omar, H. Jani, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 147003 (2020) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.147003.
F. Lechermann, Phys. Rev. X 10, 041002 (2020) 2160-3308 10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041002.
F. Lechermann, Phys. Rev. B 101, 081110 (R) (2020) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.081110.
A. S. Botana and M. R. Norman, Phys. Rev. X 10, 011024 (2020) 2160-3308 10.1103/PhysRevX.10.011024.
J. Kapeghian and A. S. Botana, Phys. Rev. B 102, 205130 (2020) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.102.205130.
J. Karp, A. S. Botana, M. R. Norman, H. Park, M. Zingl, and A. Millis, Phys. Rev. X 10, 021061 (2020) 2160-3308 10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021061.
M.-Y. Choi, W. E. Pickett, and K.-W. Lee, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 033445 (2020) 2643-1564 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033445.
E. Been, W.-S. Lee, H. Y. Hwang, Y. Cui, J. Zaanen, T. Devereaux, B. Moritz, and C. Jia, Phys. Rev. X 11, 011050 (2021) 2160-3308 10.1103/PhysRevX.11.011050.
M.-Y. Choi, K.-W. Lee, and W. E. Pickett, Phys. Rev. B 101, 020503 (R) (2020) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.020503.
F. Petocchi, V. Christiansson, F. Nilsson, F. Aryasetiawan, and P. Werner, Phys. Rev. X 10, 041047 (2020) 2160-3308 10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041047.
X. Wan, V. Ivanov, G. Resta, I. Leonov, and S. Y. Savrasov, Phys. Rev. B 103, 075123 (2021) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.103.075123.
I. Leonov, S. Skornyakov, and S. Savrasov, Phys. Rev. B 101, 241108 (R) (2020) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.241108.
Y. Nomura, M. Hirayama, T. Tadano, Y. Yoshimoto, K. Nakamura, and R. Arita, Phys. Rev. B 100, 205138 (2019) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.100.205138.
C. Xia, J. Wu, Y. Chen, and H. Chen, Phys. Rev. B 105, 115134 (2022) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.105.115134.
F. Bernardini, A. Bosin, and A. Cano, Phys. Rev. Mater. 6, 044807 (2022) 2475-9953 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.044807.
Á. A. C. Álvarez, S. Petit, L. Iglesias, W. Prellier, M. Bibes, and J. Varignon, Phys. Rev. Res. 4, 023064 (2022) 2643-1564 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023064.
A. Subedi, Phys. Rev. Mater. 7, 024801 (2023) 2475-9953 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.024801.
Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. He, J. Wang, and P. Ghosez, PNAS Nexus 2, pgad108 (2023) 2752-6542 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad108.
Z. Wang, G.-M. Zhang, Y.-f. Yang, and F.-C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 102, 220501 (R) (2020) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.102.220501.
B. H. Goodge, D. Li, K. Lee, M. Osada, B. Y. Wang, G. A. Sawatzky, H. Y. Hwang, and L. F. Kourkoutis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 118, e2007683118 (2021) 0027-8424 10.1073/pnas.2007683118.
C. C. Tam, J. Choi, X. Ding, S. Agrestini, A. Nag, M. Wu, B. Huang, H. Luo, P. Gao, M. García-Fernández, Nat. Mater. 21, 1116 (2022) 1476-1122 10.1038/s41563-022-01330-1.
O. I. Malyi, J. Varignon, and A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 105, 014106 (2022) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.105.014106.
J. Fowlie, M. Hadjimichael, M. M. Martins, D. Li, M. Osada, B. Y. Wang, K. Lee, Y. Lee, Z. Salman, T. Prokscha, Nat. Phys. 18, 1043 (2022) 1745-2473 10.1038/s41567-022-01684-y.
M. Hayward and M. Rosseinsky, Solid State Sci. 5, 839 (2003) 1293-2558 10.1016/S1293-2558(03)00111-0.
M. D. Radin, J. C. Thomas, and A. Van der Ven, Phys. Rev. Mater. 4, 043601 (2020) 2475-9953 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.043601.
I. Levin, F. Yang, R. Maier, W. J. Laws, D. S. Keeble, G. Cibin, and D. C. Sinclair, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 2001840 (2020) 1616-301X 10.1002/adfm.202001840.
P. Upreti, M. Krogstad, C. Haley, M. Anitescu, V. Rao, L. Poudel, O. Chmaissem, S. Rosenkranz, and R. Osborn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 095701 (2022) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.095701.
S. Salmani-Rezaie, K. Ahadi, W. M. Strickland, and S. Stemmer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 087601 (2020) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.087601.
S. H. Skjærvø, Q. N. Meier, M. Feygenson, N. A. Spaldin, S. J. L. Billinge, E. S. Bozin, and S. M. Selbach, Phys. Rev. X 9, 031001 (2019) 2160-3308 10.1103/PhysRevX.9.031001.
Q. Hui, M. G. Tucker, M. T. Dove, S. A. Wells, and D. A. Keen, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17, S111 (2005) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/17/5/012.
H. Liu, X. Shi, Y. Yao, H. Luo, Q. Li, H. Huang, H. Qi, Y. Zhang, Y. Ren, S. D. Kelly, Nat. Commun. 14, 1007 (2023) 2041-1723 10.1038/s41467-023-36749-w.
B. Keimer, S. A. Kivelson, M. R. Norman, S. Uchida, and J. Zaanen, Nature (London) 518, 179 (2015) 0028-0836 10.1038/nature14165.
J. Zhang, A. Botana, J. Freeland, D. Phelan, H. Zheng, V. Pardo, M. Norman, and J. Mitchell, Nat. Phys. 13, 864 (2017) 1745-2473 10.1038/nphys4149.
H. Sakakibara, H. Usui, K. Kuroki, R. Arita, and H. Aoki, Phys. Rev. B 85, 064501 (2012) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.064501.
G. Kresse and J. Hafner, Phys. Rev. B 47, 558 (1993) 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558.
P. E. Blöchl, Phys. Rev. B 50, 17953 (1994) 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953.
J. P. Perdew, A. Ruzsinszky, G. I. Csonka, O. A. Vydrov, G. E. Scuseria, L. A. Constantin, X. Zhou, and K. Burke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 136406 (2008) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.136406.
S. L. Dudarev, G. A. Botton, S. Y. Savrasov, C. J. Humphreys, and A. P. Sutton, Phys. Rev. B 57, 1505 (1998) 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.1505.
H. J. Monkhorst and J. D. Pack, Phys. Rev. B 13, 5188 (1976) 0556-2805 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188.
X. He, N. Helbig, M. J. Verstraete, and E. Bousquet, Comput. Phys. Commun. 264, 107938 (2021) 0010-4655 10.1016/j.cpc.2021.107938.
N. Marzari, A. A. Mostofi, J. R. Yates, I. Souza, and D. Vanderbilt, Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 1419 (2012) 0034-6861 10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1419.
A. A. Mostofi, J. R. Yates, G. Pizzi, Y.-S. Lee, I. Souza, D. Vanderbilt, and N. Marzari, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 2309 (2014) 0010-4655 10.1016/j.cpc.2014.05.003.
H. T. Stokes, D. M. Hatch, B. J. Campbell, and D. E. Tanner, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 39, 607 (2006) 0021-8898 10.1107/S0021889806014075.
H. T. Stokes, D. M. Hatch, and B. J. Campbell, ISODISTORT, ISOTROPY Software Suite, iso.byu.edu
I. D. Brown, Chem. Soc. Rev. 7, 359 (1978) 0306-0012 10.1039/CS9780700359.
I. Brown and D. Altermatt, Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 41, 244 (1985).
N. Brese and M. O'keeffe, Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 47, 192 (1991).
See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.165117 for additional figures.
T. Rojac, A. Bencan, G. Drazic, N. Sakamoto, H. Ursic, B. Jancar, G. Tavcar, M. Makarovic, J. Walker, B. Malic, Nat. Mater. 16, 322 (2017) 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat4799.
K. Du, M. Zhang, C. Dai, Z. Zhou, Y. Xie, Z. Ren, H. Tian, L. Chen, G. Van Tendeloo, and Z. Zhang, Nat. Commun. 10, 1 (2019) 2041-1723 10.1038/s41467-018-07882-8.
A. M. Glazer, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. 28, 3384 (1972) 0567-7408 10.1107/S0567740872007976.
P. Chen, M. N. Grisolia, H. J. Zhao, O. E. González-Vázquez, L. Bellaiche, M. Bibes, B.-G. Liu, and J. Íñiguez, Phys. Rev. B 97, 024113 (2018) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.024113.
W. Zhong and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2587 (1995) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2587.
N. Sai and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. B 62, 13942 (2000) 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.13942.
U. Aschauer and N. A. Spaldin, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 122203 (2014) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/26/12/122203.
A. Cammarata and J. M. Rondinelli, J. Chem. Phys. 141, 114704 (2014) 0021-9606 10.1063/1.4895967.
S. J. May, J.-W. Kim, J. M. Rondinelli, E. Karapetrova, N. A. Spaldin, A. Bhattacharya, and P. J. Ryan, Phys. Rev. B 82, 014110 (2010) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.014110.
A. Vailionis, H. Boschker, W. Siemons, E. P. Houwman, D. H. A. Blank, G. Rijnders, and G. Koster, Phys. Rev. B 83, 064101 (2011) 1098-0121 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.064101.
L. Pauling, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51, 1010 (1929) 10.1021/ja01379a006.
P. M. Woodward, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 53, 32 (1997) 10.1107/S0108768196010713.
J. Klarbring and S. I. Simak, Phys. Rev. B 97, 024108 (2018) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.024108.
J. C. Wojdeł, P. Hermet, M. P. Ljungberg, P. Ghosez, and J. Iniguez, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 25, 305401 (2013) 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/25/30/305401.
S. Das, Z. Hong, V. Stoica, M. Gonçalves, Y.-T. Shao, E. Parsonnet, E. J. Marksz, S. Saremi, M. McCarter, A. Reynoso, Nat. Mater. 20, 194 (2021) 1476-1122 10.1038/s41563-020-00818-y.
F. Gómez-Ortiz, P. García-Fernández, J. M. López, and J. Junquera, Phys. Rev. B 105, L220103 (2022) 2469-9950 10.1103/PhysRevB.105.L220103.
P. Ghosez and J. Junquera, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 13, 325 (2022) 1947-5454 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040220-045528.
W. Zhong, D. Vanderbilt, and K. M. Rabe, Phys. Rev. B 52, 6301 (1995) 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.6301.
W. Zhong, D. Vanderbilt, and K. M. Rabe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1861 (1994) 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1861.
Y. Zhang, X. He, J. Zhang, J. Wang, and P. Ghosez, Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2304187 (2023) 1616-301X 10.1002/adfm.202304187.